Comparative analysis of p4ha1 and p4ha2 expression during Xenopus laevis development

Abstract

Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases (c-P4Hs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes whose activity is essential for the correct folding of stable triple helical molecules of collagen and collagen-like proteins. They play crucial roles in embryo development, connective tissue functional organization, tumor growth and metastasis. Despite the important function of these enzymes, little is known about their expression during vertebrate development. In this study, we determine and compare the previously undescribed spatio-temporal expression patterns of the p4ha1 and p4ha2 genes, which encode the main subunits containing the enzyme active site, during Xenopus development. The two genes are maternally inherited and share expression in dorsal mesoderm, branchial arches and their derivatives, as well as in the central nervous system, although with distinct spatio-temporal patterns. A major co-expression domain for p4ha1 and p4ha2 is represented by the developing notochord, where these genes are transcribed from early neurula stage to stage 42 tadpole, thus paralleling the profile of collagen II production and suggesting a coordination between collagen synthesis and its post-translational modifications.

P4HA2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in glioblastoma

“…The P4HA2 gene encodes prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) subunit α2, one of several different types of α subunits of P4H, an enzyme composed of two identical α subunits and two β subunits ( 20 , 21 ). P4H catalyzes proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxyproline, an important post-translational modification that frequently occurs in the Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp sequence of collagen, and is as a crucial factor in the structural stability of collagen ( 20 , 22 ). Collagen is an important component of the extracellular matrix, which can regulate cell proliferation, migration and invasion ( 23 ).…”

Evaluation of Cyclophosphamide on the Behavior and Reproduction of Daphnia magna

“…Unsurprisingly, CP could induce the abnormal behavior with the disruption of oxidative stress in organisms via downregulating the expressions of bdh , afr , and psdd1 . Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) catalyze the hydroxylation of collagens and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-subunits. , Collagen in D. magna is a major component for the extracellular matrix, which plays a vital role in the development and differentiation of the gut, especially for the epithelial cells of the small intestine where colonic bacteria live. , P4Ha1 (encoded by p4ha1 ) represents the main form in most cell types of organisms . The inhibition of p4ha1 expression can decrease collagen levels and affect the regeneration of connective tissue .…”

“…Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) catalyze the hydroxylation of collagens and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-subunits. , Collagen in D. magna is a major component for the extracellular matrix, which plays a vital role in the development and differentiation of the gut, especially for the epithelial cells of the small intestine where colonic bacteria live. , P4Ha1 (encoded by p4ha1 ) represents the main form in most cell types of organisms . The inhibition of p4ha1 expression can decrease collagen levels and affect the regeneration of connective tissue . Thus, CP might alter the extracellular matrix protein in the gut with energy metabolism linked to the reproductive energy via the downregulation of p4ha1 .…”

“…75,76 P4Ha1 (encoded by p4ha1) represents the main form in most cell types of organisms. 77 The inhibition of p4ha1 expression can decrease collagen levels and affect the regeneration of connective tissue. 77 Thus, CP might alter the extracellular matrix protein in the gut with energy metabolism linked to the reproductive energy via the downregulation of p4ha1.…”

“…77 The inhibition of p4ha1 expression can decrease collagen levels and affect the regeneration of connective tissue. 77 Thus, CP might alter the extracellular matrix protein in the gut with energy metabolism linked to the reproductive energy via the downregulation of p4ha1. 67 RETSAT (encoded by retsat1 and retsat2) is an enzyme implicated in the generation of dihydroretinoid and linked with lipid metabolism.…”