Comparative analysis of plasma-derived albumin scaffold, alveolar osteoblasts and synthetic membrane in critical mandibular bone defects: An experimental study on rats

Abstract

Repair of bone deficiencies in the craniofacial skeleton remains a challenging clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a plasma-derived albumin scaffold, alveolar osteoblasts and synthetic membrane implanted into experimental mandibular defects. Bilateral mandibular defects were created in twelve immunodeficient rats. The bone defect was filled with serum scaffold alone in left sides and scaffold combined with human alveolar osteoblast in right side defects. Implanted areas were closed directly in Group 1 ( n = 6) and covered by a resorbable polyglycolic-polylactic acid membrane in Group 2 ( n = 6). Bone regeneration was determined at 12 weeks as measured by and exhaustive multiplanar computed tomography analysis and histological examination. No significant differences in bone density were observed between defects transplanted with scaffold alone or scaffold seeded with osteoblasts. The use of membrane did not result in a determining factor in the grade of bone regeneration between Groups 1 and 2. Based on these results, it could be concluded that the albumin scaffold alone has osteoinductive capacity but presence of seeded ostogenic cells accelerates defect repair without being significantly influenced by covering the defect with a resorbable membrane.

Bone Regeneration with Stem Cells from Dental Pulp in a Rat Experimental Model

“…An essential step in our assay involved creating a critical bone defect on the mandible that was large enough to avoid spontaneous regeneration. A critical defect is defined as one that regenerates less than 10% of the bone during the animal's lifetime [18], and in a rat mandible this will mean an area of more than 4 mm in diameter [19][20][21].…”

Evaluation of Serum Albumin-Coated Bone Allograft for Bone Regeneration: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study of 26 Cases

“…It accelerates the regeneration of various wounds and the healing of bone tissue. According to previous studies, albumin is successfully used as a biostatic structure, biomaterial coating, or highly biocompatible scaffold [32,33,[40][41][42][43]. Tissue-engineered serum albumin hydrogels used as scaffolds offer a porous structure to achieve great fluid permeability and effective nutrition flow to provide better tissue regeneration [44].…”

“…Data in the literature suggest that albumin-coated allografts heal faster and create a higher detectable density in rats' calvaria [42]. In vitro research has proven that serum albumin probably recruits endogenous stem cells and therefore stimulates bone regeneration locally, meaning that albumin has not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive properties, making it a suitable bone substitution for optimal regeneration [33,40,43,48]. Numerous preceding studies support the use of bone albumin-coated allografts, which offer more effective bone regeneration at the donor site by stimulating mesenchymal stem cells to stick to the surfaces of the allograft and proliferate there [48,49].…”