Comparative analysis of quantitative methodologies for Vibrionaceae biofilms

Chavez-Dozal, Alba A.; Nourabadi, Neda; Erken, Martina; McDougald, Diane; Nishiguchi, Michele K.

doi:10.1007/s12223-016-0456-9

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2004; Chavez‐Dozal et al . 2016). However, our results demonstrated similarity between the results of the time‐killing assay (using the CFU analysis) and the XTT assay, thereby indicating the inhibition of the metabolic activity of cells in the C. auris biofilm by treatment with 6‐shogaol (Figs 2 and 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and anti‐biofilm effects of 6‐shogaol againstCandida auris

Kim

Eom

2020

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims This study aimed to assess the antifungal and anti‐biofilm effects of 6‐shogaol against Candida auris using in vitro phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Methods and Results Our results showed that 6‐shogaol exhibited antifungal as well as anti‐biofilm activity by inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating the preformed biofilms of C. auris. The rate and extent of antifungal activity were further confirmed by a time‐kill assay. The XTT reduction assay confirmed that 6‐shogaol decreased cellular metabolic activity in the biofilm. The effect of 6‐shogaol on established C. auris biofilms was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Also, this study demonstrated that 6‐shogaol reduced the levels of aspartyl proteinases and downregulated the expression of the efflux pump‐related CDR1 gene in C. auris. Conclusions The data indicated that 6‐shogaol extracted from ginger had antifungal and anti‐biofilm effects on C. auris. Significance and Impact of the Study This study demonstrated the value of the plant‐derived 6‐shogaol as a promising and potent bioactive compound. The mode of action of this compound against C. auris biofilm was also proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and anti‐biofilm effects of 6‐shogaol againstCandida auris

Kim

Eom

2020

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Most of these studies quantify biofilm elimination by measuring the CFU decrease upon treatment. A serious limitation of this method is the inconsistent disruption of biofilms into isolated cells in the planktonic state; thus, MTT has been described as a more accurate and reproducible method to assess antibiofilm activity in part due to its ability to detect cells with low metabolic activity. − Intuitively, the efficiency of a PS can be correlated with the PS and light doses required to achieve bacterial death upon PDI; the lower the doses, the higher is the efficiency. However, to be able to strictly compare efficiencies, a common procedure must be followed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Inactivation of ESKAPE Group Bacterial Pathogens in Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures Using Metallated Porphyrin-Doped Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) protocols using photoactive metallated porphyrin-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) and blue light were developed to eliminate multidrug-resistant pathogens. CPNs-PDI protocols using varying particle concentrations and irradiation doses were tested against nine pathogenic bacterial strains including antibiotic-resistant bacteria of the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens group. The bactericidal effect was achieved in methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) strains using low light doses (9.6−14.4 J/cm 2 ), while Gram-negative bacteria required a higher light dose (28.8 J/ cm 2 ). The bacteria−CPN interaction was studied through flow cytometry, taking advantage of the intrinsic CPN fluorescence, demonstrating that CPNs efficiently bind to the bacterial envelope. Finally, the performance of CPNs-PDI was explored in biofilms; good antibiofilm ability and almost complete eradication were observed for S. aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms, respectively, using confocal microscopy. Overall, we demonstrated that CPNs-PDI is an efficient tool not only to kill superbugs as sessile cells but also to disrupt and eradicate biofilms of highly relevant pathogenic bacterial species.

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“…The effect of three enzymes was measured on biofilms formed by the wrinkly and smooth strains of V. fischeri ES114. Cultures were grown overnight at 28°C and 250 rpm in MSWT, and biofilm formation assays and quantification were measured by two methods described previously: Crystal violet (CV) staining (20) and XTT assay (21,22).…”

Section: Effect Of Enzymes On Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Transcriptomic Network Underlying the Wrinkly and Smooth Phenotypes of Vibrio fischeri

2021

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Vibrio fischeri is a cosmopolitan marine bacterium that oftentimes displays different colony morphologies, switching from a smooth to a wrinkly phenotype in order to adapt to changes in the environment. This wrinkly phenotype has also been associated with increased biofilm formation, an essential characteristic for V. fischeri to adhere to substrates, suspended debris, and within the light organs of sepiolid squids. Elevated biofilm formation is correlated with increased microbial survival to environmental stressors and the ability to expand niche breadth. Since V. fischeri has a biphasic life-history strategy between its free-living and symbiotic states, we were interested in whether the wrinkly morphotype demonstrated differences in its expression profile compared to the naturally occurring and more common smooth variant. We show that genes involved in major biochemical cascades, including those involved in protein sorting, oxidative stress, and membrane transport play a role in the wrinkly phenotype. Interestingly, only a few unique genes are specifically involved in macromolecule biosynthesis in the wrinkly phenotype, which underlies the importance of other pathways utilized for adaptation, when Vibrio bacteria are producing this change in phenotype. These results provide the first comprehensive analysis of the complex genetic activation that underlies the diversity in morphologies of V. fischeri, when switching between two different colony morphotypes, each representing a unique biofilm ecotype. IMPORTANCE The wrinkly bacterial colony phenotype has been associated with increased squid host colonization in V. fischeri. The significance of our research is in identifying the genetic mechanisms that are responsible for heightened biofilm formation in V. fischeri. This study also advances our understanding of gene regulation in V. fischeri and brings to the forefront a number of previously overlooked genetic networks. Several loci were identified in this study that were previously unknown to be associated with biofilm formation in V. fischeri.

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Comparative analysis of quantitative methodologies for Vibrionaceae biofilms

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Antifungal and anti‐biofilm effects of 6‐shogaol againstCandida auris

Antifungal and anti‐biofilm effects of 6‐shogaol againstCandida auris

Photodynamic Inactivation of ESKAPE Group Bacterial Pathogens in Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures Using Metallated Porphyrin-Doped Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Identification of a Transcriptomic Network Underlying the Wrinkly and Smooth Phenotypes of Vibrio fischeri

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