Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and Nymphaea lotus L. var. pubescens (Willd.)

Abstract

Background. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and Nymphaea lotus L. var. pubescens (Willd.) are both aquatic rhizomatous perennial plants mostly found in the tropical region of Nepal, India, Bangladesh, China, and Eastern Asia. Nymphaea pubescens and Nelumbo nucifera plants are famous for their different biological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective. The present study majorly focused on the determination of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphaea pubescens. Methods. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition was performed using PNPG as a substrate. Antioxidant property of the plant extract was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The aluminium trichloride method was done for the estimation of total flavonoid content. Likewise, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used for determining total phenolic content. Results. The total phenolic content of N. nucifera and N. pubescens was found to be 172.827 ± 0.41 and 194.87 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the total flavonoid content was reported 17.12 ± 1.04 and 34.59 ± 1.73 mg QE/g, respectively. The IC50 values of the crude extract and its fractions of N. nucifera against the DPPH free radical ranged from 33.46 ± 0.6 to 3.52 ± 0.09 μg/mL, while that of the N. pubescens ranged from 14.30 ± 0.43 to 1.43 ± 0.08 μg/mL. Similarly, for the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity, the IC50 of the crude extract and its fractions of N. nucifera varied from 349.86 ± 2.91 to 29.06 ± 0.24 μg/mL and that of N. pubescens ranged from 224.4 ± 6.85 to 5.29 ± 0.39 μg/mL. Conclusion. Both aquatic plants N. nucifera and N. pubescens show antioxidant properties and can inhibit α-glucosidase in in vitro. Further research is required to identify the inhibiting compounds.

Phosphodiesterase 5 and Arginase Inhibitory Activities of the Extracts from Some Members of Nelumbonaceae and Nymphaeaceae Families

“…Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6 were isolated and identified as components in N. pubescens petals for the first time. Previous studies reported that 4 was found in the N. stellata flowers [37], 3 and 5 were found in the N. pubescens petals [18,38,39], while 6 was found in the N. stellata flowers [40] and the N. Alba flowers [41] and leaves [42]. Compound 4 has been previously isolated from Rhamnus nakaharai Hayata (Rhamnaceae) and reported to inhibit PDE5 enzymes isolated from the lungs and hearts of male guinea pigs with an IC 50 value of 86.9 µM [43], 3 and 5 have been previously isolated from Anaxagorea luzonensis and reported to inhibit PDE5 enzymes isolated from the mice lungs [14], while 1, 2, and 6 has not previously been reported for their effects on PDE5.…”

An Updated Review on Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value and Pharmacological Activities

“…[213] The investigation focused on the in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic characteristics, using PNPG as a substrate to inhibit glucosidase with IC 50 values of 66.32 � 4.35. [214] Furthermore, the extract of N. nucifera Gaertn lowers blood sugar levels and improves glucose tolerance in healthy rabbits. In-vivo studies on rat hemidiaphragm have shown that administering test drugs to animals can significantly enhance the effects of insulin, because the skeletal muscles become more responsive to endogenous insulin, leading to improved peripheral glucose utilization.…”

“…Kaempferol and isorhamnetin confirmation the repressive action with IC 50 values of 5.6 and 9.0 μM, respectively [213] . The investigation focused on the in vitro antioxidant and anti‐diabetic characteristics, using PNPG as a substrate to inhibit glucosidase with IC 50 values of 66.32±4.35 [214] . Furthermore, the extract of N. nucifera Gaertn lowers blood sugar levels and improves glucose tolerance in healthy rabbits.…”

α‑Glucosidase and α‑amylase Inhibitory assay of Fractions and Crude Extract of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH) Activity

“…An analysis was conducted to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extract and fractions. The analysis was conducted using the standard method, with some minor modifications [13]. In a 96-well plate, a reaction mixture was preincubated at 37 degrees Celsius for fifteen minutes.…”