Comparative Analysis of the Differences in Dentofacial Morphology According to the Tongue and Lip Pressure

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tongue and lip pressure on dentofacial morphology. The subjects comprised 194 patients with malocclusion. Anterior and posterior tongue elevation and lip pressures were evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) device. The lateral cephalograms of each subject were traced and digitized to perform the analysis. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the relationship between perioral muscle force and the cephalometric variables. Anterior and posterior tongue pressure was both higher in males than in females. No sex difference in lip pressure was observed. The group with a low posterior tongue pressure showed a short ramus height, short posterior facial height, and clockwise-rotated mandible. On the other hand, lip pressure had a significant influence on maxillary incisor angulation. Skeletal pattern was not found to be significantly related with lip pressure. The anterior tongue pressure appeared as a mixed pattern of the two results. Tongue pressure was related to skeletal measurements, such as short posterior facial height, and lip pressure was related to the angulation of the anterior teeth. This study suggests that there may be differences in dentofacial morphology according to the differences in perioral muscle force.

Effects of non-nutritive sucking habits on malocclusions: a systematic review

“…Oral habits are defined as repetitive behaviors that could result in defects in the structure of teeth [1]. In the literature, sucking habits are described in two ways: nutritive (breastfeeding and bottle feeding) and non-nutritive sucking.…”

“…The main malocclusions associated with sucking habits are frequently skeletal class II and III, open bite (OB), deep bite (DB) and crossbite (CB) [1,9,10]. The prevalence of malocclusions in different age groups ranges from 20% to 93%.…”

Malocclusion in children with speech sound disorders and motor speech involvement: a cross-sectional clinical study in Swedish children

“…Hyperactivity of the musculus mentalis (m mentalis) is related to malocclusion, especially for Class II bite (Pintavirooj et al 2014 ). Hyperactivity of the m mentalis and the inferior part of the lower lip has been reported as not only a consequence of malocclusion and incompetent lip closure (Jung et al 2010 ; Yamaguchi et al 2000 ), but also as a contributing factor to the development of malocclusion and orthodontic relapse (de Souza et al 2008 ; Lee et al 2021 ).…”