Comparative analysis of the fecal microbiota from different species of domesticated and wild suids

Abstract

Most of the microorganisms living in a symbiotic relationship in different animal body sites (microbiota) reside in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Several studies have shown that the microbiota is involved in host susceptibilities to pathogens. The fecal microbiota of domestic and wild suids was analyzed. Bacterial communities were determined from feces obtained from domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) raised under different conditions: specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs and domestic pigs from the same bred, and indigenous domestic pigs from a backyard farm in Kenya. Secondly, the fecal microbiota composition of the African swine fever (ASF) resistant warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) from Africa and a European zoo was determined. African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease for domestic pigs. African animals showed the highest microbial diversity while the SPF pigs the lowest. Analysis of the core microbiota from warthogs (resistant to ASF) and pigs (susceptible to ASF) showed 45 shared OTUs, while 6 OTUs were exclusively present in resistant animals. These six OTUs were members of the Moraxellaceae family, Pseudomonadales order and Paludibacter, Anaeroplasma, Petrimonas, and Moraxella genera. Further characterization of these microbial communities should be performed to determine the potential involvement in ASF resistance.

Fecal microbiota transplantation from warthog to pig confirms the influence of the gut microbiota on African swine fever susceptibility

“…Despite the changes described herein, transplantation of warthog feces did not dramatically change the microbiota of the transplanted piglets, or at least, there is not any enrichment in the few taxa previously described as unique from the warthog species 14 . These results coincide with that described in many reports, dissociating beneficial effects of FMT from easily detectable changes in host microbiota 32 , allowing hypothesizing with a beneficial stimulation of the immune system.…”

“…The gut microbiota of the animal species mentioned above, i.e. warthogs and both SPF- and domestic pigs, have been recently unveiled, showing relevant differences in composition 14 . Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a delivery of donor microbiome to a recipient in order to establish or restore intestinal homeostasis, or populate the gastrointestinal tract with potentially beneficial bacteria 15 .…”

Combination of Antimicrobial Starters for Feed Fermentation: Influence on Piglet Feces Microbiota and Health and Growth Performance, Including Mycotoxin Biotransformation in vivo

“…The other most prevalent genera included Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus. Such data are consistent with the findings from other authors who investigated microbiota in young piglets (2,(37)(38)(39)(40). Overall, 179 and 151 genera with a prevalence ≥0.01% were detected in the fecal DNA of control and experimental animals, respectively (Supplementary Files 1, 2).…”

Sow Contact Is a Major Driver in the Development of the Nasal Microbiota of Piglets

“…The swine microbiota composition plays an important role in the physiology and immunity of the host [6,7,13,15,18,31]. Pigs are normally raised in the farms with their sows until weaning, a critical period when piglets undergo drastic changes in life conditions, and many complex diseases can arise [6,7,14,15,18,19].…”