Comparative Analysis of the Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) on Pulmonary Contusion Lung Oxidative Stress and Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Experimental Rat Model

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the lungs by biochemical and histopathological analyses in an experimental isolated lung contusion model. Eighty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The animals were divided randomly into four groups: group 1 (n = 9) was defined as without contusion and without CAPE injection. Group 2 (n = 9) was defined as CAPE 10 μmol/kg injection without lung contusion. Group 3 (n = 36) was defined as contusion without CAPE-administrated group which consisted of four subgroups that were created according to analysis between days 0, 1, 2, and 3. Group 4 (n = 27) was defined as CAPE 10 μmol/kg administrated after contusion group divided into three subgroups according to analysis on days 1, 2, and 3. CAPE 10 μmol/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min after trauma and on days 1 and 2. Blood samples were obtained to measure catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and for blood gas analysis. Trace elements such as zinc and copper were measured in serum. The lung tissue was also removed for histopathological examination. Isolated lung contusion increased serum and tissue SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels (p < 0.05). Both serum and tissue SOD, MDA, and CAT levels on day 3 were lower in group 4 compared to group 3 (p < 0.05). Further, the levels of SOD, MDA, and CAT in group 4 were similar compared to group 1 (p > 0.05). CAPE also had a significant beneficial effect on blood gases (p < 0.05). Both serum zinc and copper levels were (p < 0.05) influenced by the administration of CAPE. Histopathological examination revealed lower scores in group 4 compared to group 3 (p < 0.05) and no significant differences compared to group 1 (p > 0.05). CAPE appears to be effective in protecting against severe oxidative stress and tissue damage caused by pulmonary contusion in an experimental setting. Therefore, we conclude that administration of CAPE may be used for a variety of conditions associated with pulmonary contusion. Clinical use of CAPE may have the advantage of prevention of pulmonary contusion.

Protective antioxidative effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the thyroid and the liver are similar to those caused by melatonin

“…This finding may indicate that CAPE is not as perfect antioxidant as it seemed based on the results of earlier studies. According to our knowledge, only in two studies the effect of CAPE on the basal LPO was evaluated under in vivo conditions [24,33]. In the quoted studies, CAPE (injected for 6 days at a dose of 10 μmol/kg body mass [24] or for 3 days at the same dose [33]) did not change the basal LPO level [24,33].…”

“…According to our knowledge, only in two studies the effect of CAPE on the basal LPO was evaluated under in vivo conditions [24,33]. In the quoted studies, CAPE (injected for 6 days at a dose of 10 μmol/kg body mass [24] or for 3 days at the same dose [33]) did not change the basal LPO level [24,33]. This apparent disagreement between the above quoted studies and the present results may be explained by the fact that the in vitro effects can not be directly extrapolated to the in vivo conditions.…”

Influence of Sibinin on DMBA Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free-Radical Damage in Norwegian Rat, Rattus norvegicus (L).

“…We found an increased activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes, namely SOD in DMBA + silibinin group. The SOD is assumed to be the most effective antioxidant (Sirmali et al, 2013). Therefore, it is regarded as the first line of defense against the detrimental effects of molecular oxygen radicals in cells.…”

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects lung alveolar epithelial cellsfrom cigarette smoke-induced damage

“…We demonstrated that CAPE could protect alveolar epithelial cells against oxidative and inflammatory stress-induced damage of CS for the first time in the literature (16).…”