Protective antioxidative effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the thyroid and the liver are similar to those caused by melatonin

Abstract

BackgroundWhereas oxidative reactions occur in all tissues and organs, the thyroid constitutes such an organ, in which oxidative processes are indispensable for physiological functions. In turn, numerous metabolic reactions occurring in the liver create favourable conditions for huge oxidative stress. Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant with protective effects against oxidative damage perfectly documented in many tissues, the thyroid and the liver included. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, has been suggested to be also an effective antioxidant.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of CAPE on Fenton reaction-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) in porcine thyroid and liver, and to compare the results with protective effects of melatonin.MethodsThyroid and liver homogenates were incubated in the presence of CAPE (500; 100; 50; 10; 5.0; 1.0 μM) or melatonin (500; 100; 50; 10; 5.0; 1.0 μM), without or with addition of FeSO4 (30 μM) + H2O2 (0.5 mM).The level of lipid peroxidation was measured spectrophotometrically and expressed as the amount of MDA + 4-HDA (nmol) per mg of protein.ResultsWhereas CAPE decreased the basal LPO in a concentration-dependent manner in both tissues, melatonin did not change the basal LPO level. When antioxidants were used together with Fenton reaction substrates, they prevented – in a concentration-dependent manner and to a similar extent – experimentally-induced LPO in both tissues.ConclusionsProtective antioxidative effects of CAPE in the thyroid and the liver are similar to those caused by melatonin. CAPE constitutes a promising agent in terms of its application in experimental and, possibly, clinical studies.

Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid Reduce Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids Induced by High Iron Concentrations in Porcine Skin

“…Whereas IPA is a known auxin, melatonin is documented to act synergistically with auxins in plants [ 21 ]. These two indole substances possess significant antioxidative properties, which was confirmed in numerous experimental or clinical studies [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…In most studies published previously, iron was used in concentrations not exceeding the value of 300 µM to induce oxidative damage in vitro [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 22 ]. This work is the second in which we applied ferrous in extremely high concentrations, i.e., as high as 2400 µM; the first study was performed on other tissues, namely porcine thyroid and ovary [ 12 ].…”

“…During this reaction, the most harmful free radical, the hydroxyl radical ( • OH), is produced. The model of Fenton reaction-induced oxidative damage to macromolecules has been widely used in laboratories [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Both substrates of the Fenton reaction, i.e., iron, used as a ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are natural and essential elements for the proper functioning of organisms, with iron serving as a micronutrient and (H 2 O 2 ) being an important ROS indispensable for certain biochemical reactions.…”

Neuroprotective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal neurotoxicity

“…Furthermore, accumulating evidence has revealed that CAPE has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties [ 17 ]. As far as the antioxidant activity of CAPE is concerned, its activity is comparable to that of melatonin in thyroid and liver cells, and it significantly improves the viability of lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-treated RAW264.7 cells by significantly reducing the production of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite [ 18 19 ]. However, although extensive literature is available on the biological activities of CAPE, its therapeutic potential in CNS diseases is not completely understood.…”

Atopy and autoimmune thyroid diseases: melatonin can be useful?

“…Whereas CAPE decreased basal LPO in a concentration-dependent manner in both tissues, melatonin did not change the basal LPO level. When antioxidants were used together with Fenton reaction substrates, they prevented – in a concentration-dependent manner and to a similar extent – experimentally- induced LPO in both tissue effects of melatonin [56]. …”