Comparative Analysis of Ultrafine Granular Powder and Decoction Pieces of Salvia miltiorrhiza by UPLC-UV-MSn Combined with Statistical Analysis

Abstract

is one of the most used herbal medicines for the treatment of a wide range of diseases in China. Decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines from are the two main types of products used by patients. Other relatively new products of, like injections and ultrafine granular powder (D < 45 µm before granulation), are also increasingly used nowadays. With the growing usage of new products of , their chemical components and pharmacological effects, compared to the traditional decoction pieces, are attracting attention. In this work, the chemical profiles of two types of products from (one is traditional "decoction pieces", the other is modern "ultrafine granular powder") were compared via similarity analysis and discriminated via multivariate analysis, e.g., hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discrimination analysis. A new adamantane stationary phase column was used to establish informative chemical profiles of them. The mean similarity correlation coefficient (> 0.987) revealed that ultrafine granular powder and decoction pieces of were consistent between each other and stable between different batches. Two types of products were clearly resolved from each other by hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discrimination analysis. Compounds responsible for the discrimination results were further characterized by ESI-MS/MS. Eventually, 62 compounds selected as characteristic markers for evaluation were characterized or tentatively characterized. This result will facilitate the further comparison of these two types of products in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics.

Immunomodulatory effects of a new whole ingredients extract from Astragalus: a combined evaluation on chemistry and pharmacology

“…Under a low temperature, the herbal materials are grinded into a small particles (D90 < 45 µm), which reached to a cytoderm level broken. The chemical integrity of the UFP could be well retained, and presented a high correlation coefficient to that of the herbal decoction pieces [5]. Moreover, the bioavailabilities of the active compounds in UFP were investigated to be higher than those in normal herbal powders because of their quick and completed dissolution from the UFP [6, 7].…”

“…The ultrafine grinding provides UFP nice surface properties such as the higher dispersibility and specific surface area [3], thus presenting better therapeutic efficacy of the herbs [4]. Moreover, UFP retains higher integrity in chemical composition keeping both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble ingredients [5] and improves their dissolution and absorption in gastrointestinal tract [6, 7]. However, the safety problems of UFP have raised attention [8].…”

Study on the Discrimination between Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Varieties Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analyses

“…Both domains (CP and GCP) were clearly separated from each other. The variables which possessed the greatest influence on classification were located at the furthermost position from the main cluster of variables [ 33 ]. HCA was performed based on four PCs from the above PCA model, and displayed relationships between various CRP samples in the form of a dendrogram, calculated using Ward’s minimum-variance method (shown in Figure 2 c).…”

Comparative in vivo constituents and pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of ultrafine granular powder and traditional decoction slices of Chinese Salvia

“…Further studies on in vivo metabolite characterization using improved sample pretreatment methods and MS detective parameters were necessary. Previous research on compound characterization of UGP and TDS was conducted using the UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS method and a compound library for S. miltiorrhiza was established (Shen et al, ). Additionally, most reference standards could also be collected.…”

“…Decoction pieces and UGP of S. miltiorrhiza products were clearly resolved from each other by multivariate statistics. Compounds responsible for the discrimination results were further characterized by ESI‐MS/MS and 62 compounds were selected as characteristic markers and characterized (Shen et al, ). However, differences in compounds absorbed in vivo and the pharmacokinetic profiles between UGP and TDS have not been systematically evaluated and compared.…”