Comparative anatomic and morphometric examination of the interosseous muscle, sesamoid ligaments and flexor tendons of the fetlock in South American camelids

Schraml, Susanne; Santos, William Arthur Barrios; Mülling, Christoph; Bässler, Claus; Hagen, Jenny

doi:10.1111/ahe.12668

Cited by 1 publication

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“…On the forelimb, the IOM proximally shows an irregular blunt sickle‐form. Here, it has to be separated by dissection from the palmar fascia, with which it intermingles fibres on its lateral side (compare with Schraml et al, 2021, and Figure 3). On the hindlimb, its shape at the same level is more compact and trapezoidal, and it does not present connections of dense collagenous tissue to other structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We collected the limbs of 40 animals for morphometry and histology. Two limbs of each animal were used for morphometric measurements published in a previous article (Schraml et al, 2021), the others for the histological examination presented in this paper. One limb of a vicuna had to be dismissed.…”

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the horse, many studies have focussed on the histological structure of the IOM, which appears mainly collagenous with some muscle fibres and adipose as well as nervous tissue (Bischofsberger et al, 2006; Kaminski, 2006; Nagy & Dyson, 2012; Shikh Alsook et al, 2013; Souza, 2010; Wilson et al, 1991). The IOM of the lama is reported to be mainly tendinous macroscopically (Constantinescu et al, 2008a; Galotta & Arzone, 2003; Schraml et al, 2021), yet diverse in its histologic composition (Reed, 2009). Reed et al (2007) mention rudimentary muscle fibres in histological samples of the IOM of the lama.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspensory ligament or interosseous muscle? Histology of the interosseous muscle of South American Camelids

Schraml

Santos

Bässler

et al. 2021

Anat Histol Embryol

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The interosseous muscles (IOM) have evolved to largely collagenized structures in many large grazers, including South American Camelids (SACs). SACs include lama (Lama glama), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and vicuna (Vicugna vicugna). This study reports on a comparative histomorphological evaluation of the IOM in these four species. First, a descriptive qualitative analysis of the tissue composition within the physiological IOM clearly demonstrates that the IOM of all SAC species is predominantly tendinous. However, we can always find a small amount of striated muscle fibres supporting the claim that the term "interosseous muscle" should be preferred over the denomination "suspensory ligament". Second, we quantify the ratio of muscle tissue (MTr) occupying the cross-sectional area (CSA) of 80 limbs at three levels and examine it in relation to limb, sample localization and species. Values for MTr are highest at the middle level, ranging from 0.4% to 15.2% with a mean of 3.4% ± 3.2%. We also detect notable amounts of muscle tissue at the distal sample level in the area of the branches of the IOM. Of all SACs, alpacas present the highest MTr. Lamas have a significantly larger MTr than guanacos. These results suggest the influence of domestication and/or physical activity on the muscle tissue content of the IOM of SACs. Amounts and distribution of muscle, adipose and lose connective tissue vary greatly for each sample localization and within individuals of one species. This may complicate the interpretation of MRI images of SACs' IOM for diagnostic purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%