Comparative Anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of Navīna (fresh) and Purāṇa (old) Guggulu

Abstract

Objective:Guggulu (Commiphora wightii [Arn.] Bhandari) is a well-known anti-hyperlipidaemic drug. Guggulsterones are active components of this drug which are responsible for this effect. The activity of Guggulu may depend upon its nature, fresh samples are recommended for their bṛhmaṇa (body mass increasing) effect; while lekhana (scarificant) effect is attributed to the old one. The comparative Anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of fresh and old samples has not been reported till date.Materials and Methods:Freshly collected and one year old samples of Guggulu were processed in gomūtra. Patients who satisfied inclusion criteria of Hyperlipidaemia were randomly distributed into two groups and the drug was administrated in a dose of 1 g with luke warm water twice a day for eight weeks.Results:Significant improvement was found in the symptoms of Medoroga and Lipid profile with treatment in both the groups. Fresh sample of Guggulu proved to have a better effect in lowering serum cholesterol (5.76%), triglyceride (17.17%), and very low density lipoprotein VLDL (18.36%) levels while old sample of Guggulu provided mild effect in lowering serum triglyceride (13.64%), VLDL (11.07%) and non-significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol (0.94%). Old sample of Guggulu also provided significant decreases in body weight (7.69%) and BMI (7.82%).Conclusions:Old Guggulu showed better effect on body weight, BMI and cardinal symptoms along with significant lipid lowering effect whereas fresh Guggulu showed better result on lipid profile.

Possible Amelioration of the Severity of Nutritional Steatohepatitis by Guggulsterone in Mice

“…This is due to the antioxidant activity of guggulsterone, which reported to be hepatoprotective agent (17) . Guggulsterone enhance the transcription of bile salt export pump that lead to reduced hepatic lipid content, also due to guggulsterone own activity as antioxidant, guggulsterone reduce the need for the bilirubin that act as free radical scavenger this results in reduced oxidative stress (18) (19) eventually reduced production of bilirubin, as noted in the presented results that serum TB is significantly lower in guggulsterone treated groups compared with the HFD group that showed a markedly elevated TB level. The results showed that the level of CK elevated remarkably in the group that maintained on HFD only.…”

“…The results showed that the level of CK elevated remarkably in the group that maintained on HFD only. Studies showed that the higher serum level of CK is associated with higher body fat mass, and consider as biochemical evidence of metabolic abnormality and the presence of NAFLD (20) (21) , Guggulsterone treatment resulted in lowering the level of CK, the higher the concentration result in the lower level of CK, this can be attributed to the hypolipidemic ability of guggulsterone that resulted in lower body visceral fat (19) (18) .TNF-α is used as a predictor of fibrosis in patients with Steatohepatitis (22) .The elevation in TNF-α is related to aberrant production of cytokines by adipose macrophages and Kupffer cells (23) through the activation of TLR4 in macrophages that initiates downstream signaling pathways including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) complex that play an important role in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in response to liver damage caused by HFD (24) (25) . The treatment with guggulsterone as shown in the results had significantly decreased the elevated serum level of both TNF-α compared to the HFD group.…”

Integrating Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach to Elucidate the Mechanism of Commiphora wightii for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Guggulsterones (GSs) are active components of this drug which are responsible for this effect. 12 Beta-Sitosterol (BS) is one of the bioactive compounds in the C wightii plant, it is generally considered a safe, natural, and effective nutritional supplement and has been shown to have many potential benefits. Beta-Sitosterol possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, angiogenic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antinociceptive activities without major toxicity.…”