Comparative antimicrobial activity, in vitro and in vivo, of soft N-chloramine systems and chlorhexidine

Selk, Sally H.; Pogány, S A; Higuchi, Takashi

doi:10.1128/aem.43.4.899-904.1982

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At a coricentration of 0.1%, but not at 0.005%, an organic enrichment had no appreciable effect on microbicidal activity. Selk et al (20) reported that the loss of activity of N-chloramine compounds in the presence of 5% serum was negligible when the concentration of the N-chloramine was 1,000 ,ug/ml or higher. The inhibitory activity of N-chloramine, although impressive for bacteria, was less for fungi than the action reported for other disinfectants such as iodine and hydrogen peroxide (18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their inhibitory activities are of a broad spectrum, including interference with both glucose oxidation and ionic exchange and the disruption of the cell membrane (9,16). Recently Selk et al (20) recommended N-chloramine compounds for use in topical drugs for humans as an alternative to chlorhexidine. Two N-chloramine compounds, a chlorinated simple amino acid (II-A) and a chlorinated half-ester of succinic acid (III-A), both at concentrations of 0.1% or less, reduced bacterial inocula of 104 cells per ml in buffered sodium acetate (pH 4.5) to nearly 0 in 15 min.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two N-chloramine compounds, a chlorinated simple amino acid (II-A) and a chlorinated half-ester of succinic acid (III-A), both at concentrations of 0.1% or less, reduced bacterial inocula of 104 cells per ml in buffered sodium acetate (pH 4.5) to nearly 0 in 15 min. These compounds were reported to have a lower toxicity and to be 10 times more efficient than chlorhexidine (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activities of N-chloramines and diazolidinyl urea

Llabrés¹,

Ahearn²

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A combination of MICs of an N-chloramine, a simple chlorinated amino acid, and diazolidinyl urea gave synergistic activity against bacteria, but not fungi. The two compounds at a higher concentration, 0.1 and 0.3%, respectively, gave synergistic inhibition of fungi; kill times were 1 h for Trichophyton tonsurans, 3 h for Aspergillus niger and Fusarium moniliforme, and 6 h for Aspergillus fumigatus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activities of N-chloramines and diazolidinyl urea

Llabrés¹,

Ahearn²

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Chloramine-T â is bactericidal (38,39). N-chloramines exhibit low toxicity and skin irritation and are superior to chlorhexidine in preventing the expansion of the normal skin flora in vivo (40). Chloramine-T â is better than HOCl in inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (41) and monochloramine is superior to N-chlorotaurine in inactivation of Mycobacterium terrae (42).…”

Section: Ad (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen

Stief

2003

Medical Hypotheses

127

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by many different cells. Singlet oxygen (1O(2)) and a reaction product of it, excited carbonyls (C=O*), are important ROS. 1O(2) and C=O* are nonradicalic and emit light (one photon/molecule) when returning to ground state oxygen. Especially activated polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) produce large amounts of 1O(2). Via activation of the respiratory burst (NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase) they synthesize hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chloramines (in particular N-chlorotaurine). Chloramines are selective and stable chemical generators of 1O(2). In the human organism, 1O(2) is both a signal and a weapon with therapeutic potency against very different pathogens, such as microbes, virus, cancer cells and thrombi. Chloramines at blood concentrations between 1 and 2 mmol/L inactivate lipid enveloped virus and chloramines at blood concentrations below 0.5 mmol/L, i.e. at oxidant concentrations that do not affect thrombocytes or hemostasis factors, act antithrombotically by activation of the physiologic PMN mediated fibrinolysis; this thrombolysis is of selective nature, i.e. it does not impair the hemostasis system of the patient allowing the antithrombotic treatment in patients where the current risky thrombolytic treatment is contraindicated. The action of 1O(2) might be compared to the signaling and destroying gunfire of soldiers directed against bandits at night, resulting in an autorecruitment of the physiological inflammatory response. Chloramines (such as the mild and untoxic oxidant chloramine T (N-chloro-p-toluene-sulfonamide)) and their signaling and destroying reaction product 1O(2) might be promising new therapeutic agents against a multitude of up to now refractory diseases.

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“…CHX is widely studied and is a proven gold standard for oral antiseptics (13). The cationic bis‐biguanide has a widespread antibacterial activity and a high affinity to attach to the skin and mucosae (14–17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%