2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126162
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Comparative assessment of energy flow, carbon auditing and eco-efficiency of diverse tillage systems for cleaner and sustainable crop production in eastern India

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Cited by 27 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Table 7 shows the studies that discussed other types of sustainability assurance such as carbon disclosure assurance (Kumar et al 2021 ; Qingliang Tang 2019 ), shariah audit (Sulaiman & Alhaji Zakari 2019 ), social assurance (Gao & Zhang 2004 ), environmental assurance (Watson and Emery 2003 ), and auditing firm (Bostan et al 2021 ; Coetzee et al 2019 ; Ghani et al 2018 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table 7 shows the studies that discussed other types of sustainability assurance such as carbon disclosure assurance (Kumar et al 2021 ; Qingliang Tang 2019 ), shariah audit (Sulaiman & Alhaji Zakari 2019 ), social assurance (Gao & Zhang 2004 ), environmental assurance (Watson and Emery 2003 ), and auditing firm (Bostan et al 2021 ; Coetzee et al 2019 ; Ghani et al 2018 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Different pests and their possible reasons for outbursts in long-term CA based production systems in the MIGP of South Asia have been investigated and documented in the present study. CA based techniques are being developed and popularized to address the problems of increasing water scarcity, deteriorating the soil health, declining productivity and profitability, and climate change and for sustainable intensification of rice–wheat cropping system in MIGP and India 11 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 . Our results revealed significant differences in pest populations in different crops after 4–5 years of CA adoption.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Overall, CA is an approach to crop production for enhancing and sustaining the production, increasing profits and achieving the food security 18 , 19 . However, many challenges of CA-based production systems still need to be identified and addressed within the regional context to realize the maximum benefits 20 – 23 . Applying CA-based management principles within crop production not only changes soil organic matter (SOM), soil moisture, and nutrient regimes but also shifts the diversity of certain pests 24 27 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The total cost of cultivation (TC) was calculated by taking in to account the variable cost (excluding land rent) including costs of seeds, fertilizer, pesticide, human labour, machines used for land preparation, nursery raising, transplanting, irrigation, fertilizer application, plant protection, weeding, harvesting, and threshing, etc. ; and time required per hectare to complete an individual field activity in each treatment ( Kumar et al, 2021 ). Fixed cost was not considered.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…of India’s labour law (Minimum Wage Act, 1948). Gross returns (GR) were computed by multiplying the grain yield (Mg ha −1 ) of each crop by the minimum support price (MSP) offered by the Government of India for rice (INR 17,500 Mg ha −1 ), wheat (INR 18,400 Mg ha −1 ) and greengram (INR 69,750 Mg ha −1 ), while straw value was calculated using current local market rates ( Kumar et al, 2021 ). Net returns (NR) were calculated as the difference between GR and total cost (TC) (NR = GR-TC).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%