Comparative assessment of mouse models for experimental orthodontic tooth movement

Kirschneck, Christian; Bauer, Marjorie; Gubernator, Joshua; Proff, Peter; Schröder, Agnes

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69030-x

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We furthermore observed an increased approximal distance between the moved first and the second upper left molar after four days of treatment with an elastic band. This is in line with previous studies in mice, which report orthodontic tooth movement induced by an elastic band as early as within three days and increased osteoclast numbers within seven days [ 28 ]. The other commonly employed rat model to induce OTM using a nickel-titan-coil spring [ 29 ] was not suitable for this study due to artifacts otherwise created during MRI, as we planned to perform MRI analysis with orthodontic aperture in situ.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The usage of an elastic band to induce orthodontic tooth movement does not allow a controlled force application, with forces declining over time with the decompression of the band. However, this method has been described and published before as an established means to induce orthodontic tooth movement in mice [ 28 ]. Furthermore, a higher MRI resolution would have been desirable to better differentiate and localize the vascularization changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local Vascularization during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Split Mouth Rat Model—A MRI Study

et al. 2020

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Orthodontic tooth movement to therapeutically align malpositioned teeth is supposed to impact blood flow in the surrounding tissues. Here, we evaluated actual vascularization in the tension area of the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement in rats (N = 8) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We inserted an elastic band between the left upper first and the second rat molar; the right side was not treated and served as control. After four days of tooth movement, we recorded T1-weighted morphologic and dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI sequences with an animal-specific 7 Tesla MRI to assess of local vascularization. Furthermore, we quantified osteoclasts and monocytes in the periodontal ligament, which are crucial for orthodontic tooth movement, root resorptions as undesirable side effects, as well as the extent of tooth movement using paraffine histology and micro-CT analysis. Data were tested for normal distribution with Shapiro–Wilk tests followed by either a two-tailed paired t-test or a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Significant orthodontic tooth movement was induced within the four days of treatment, as evidenced by increased osteoclast and monocyte activity in the periodontal ligament as well as by µCT analysis. Contrast enhancement was increased at the orthodontically-treated side distally of the moved upper first left molar, indicating increased vascularization at the tension side of the periodontal ligament. Accordingly, we detected reduced time-to-peak and washout rates. Our study using MRI to directly assess local vascularization thus seems to confirm the hypothesis that perfusion is enhanced in tension zones of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Vascularization during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Split Mouth Rat Model—A MRI Study

et al. 2020

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“…An experienced scientist inserted an elastic band (diameter 0.3 mm; Inwaria Stores GmbH, Trier, Germany) between the first and second molars of the left upper jaw under anaesthesia using two Mosquito clamps (straight, with teeth) and then shortened accordingly after pre-expansion with an orthodontic auxiliary wire (Ø 0.08 mm), according to an established and validated protocol [22,23]. The diameter of 0.3 mm was the largest diameter insertable in the interdental space leading to a reciprocal movement of the first molar in the anterior and the second molar in the posterior direction upon relaxation of the compressed band [22]. The contralateral right jaw side was left untreated and served as the control side.…”

Section: Animal Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid HIF1α Is Involved in the Extent of Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement

et al. 2021

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During orthodontic tooth movement, transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is stabilised in the periodontal ligament. While HIF1α in periodontal ligament fibroblasts can be stabilised by mechanical compression, in macrophages pressure application alone is not sufficient to stabilise HIF1α. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of myeloid HIF1α during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement was performed in wildtype and Hif1αΔmyel mice lacking HIF1α expression in myeloid cells. Subsequently, µCT images were obtained to determine periodontal bone loss, extent of orthodontic tooth movement and bone density. RNA was isolated from the periodontal ligament of the control side and the orthodontically treated side, and the expression of genes involved in bone remodelling was investigated. The extent of tooth movement was increased in Hif1αΔmyel mice. This may be due to the lower bone density of the Hif1αΔmyel mice. Deletion of myeloid Hif1α was associated with increased expression of Ctsk and Acp5, while both Rankl and its decoy receptor Opg were increased. HIF1α from myeloid cells thus appears to play a regulatory role in orthodontic tooth movement.

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“…The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on tooth movement distance and osteoblast and osteoclast cells in Wistar rats. Mice and rats are mammals that have a reasonably comparable metabolism to humans, which can be used for biological-cellular mechanism analysis in orthodontic tooth movement 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats: a prelimary study

2020

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Background: Tooth movement induced by the application of orthodontic force was initiated by inflammatory process. Studies have shown that vitamin E has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which perhaps could inhibit the tooth to move. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups. Group 1 served as the control groups, while group 2 was given vitamin E for 14 days before application of orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the number of days orthodontic force lasted, i.e. 0, 1, 3, 7 days. At each of these four time points, distance measurements and quantity of osteoblasts-osteoclasts were measured in each rat. Results: Tooth movement distance was increased for group 2 than group 1 for all time intervals, but this difference was only statistically different on day 3 (p=0.001). For both groups, tooth movement was significantly different between each time interval in each group (p=0.041). The mean number of osteoblast cells was increased for group 2 compared to group 1 for all time intervals (p<0.05), but was not significant different between time intervals (p=0.897). The number of osteoclasts was not significantly different between groups, but it was statistically different between time intervals (p=0.004). Conclusion: The outcome of this study demonstrated that group 2 resulted a better tooth movement compared to group 1 on day 3, based on the distance measurement. The osteoclast cell numbers were the same within control groups, whilst the number of osteoblast cells in group 2 was significantly higher than those in group 1.

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Comparative assessment of mouse models for experimental orthodontic tooth movement

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Local Vascularization during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Split Mouth Rat Model—A MRI Study

Local Vascularization during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Split Mouth Rat Model—A MRI Study

Myeloid HIF1α Is Involved in the Extent of Orthodontically Induced Tooth Movement

Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats: a prelimary study

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