Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L.

Abstract

Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves are commonly used in the treatment of diseases. They are considered a waste product resulting from guava cultivation. The leaves are very rich in essential oils (EOs) and volatiles. This work represents the detailed comparative chemical profiles of EOs derived from the leaves of six guava varieties cultivated in Egypt, including Red Malaysian (RM), El-Qanater (EQ), White Indian (WI), Early (E), El-Sabahya El-Gedida (ESEG), and Red Indian (RI), cultivated on the same farm in Egypt. The EOs from the leaves of guava varieties were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed with GC-MS. The EOs were categorized in a holistic manner using chemometric tools. The hydro-distillation of the samples yielded 0.11–0.48% of the EO (v/w). The GC-MS analysis of the extracted EOs showed the presence of 38 identified compounds from the six varieties. The sesquiterpene compounds were recorded as main compounds of E, EQ, ESEG, RI, and WI varieties, while the RM variety attained the highest content of monoterpenes (56.87%). The sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (11.21–43.20%), and globulol (76.17–26.42%) were detected as the major compounds of all studied guava varieties, while trans-nerolidol (0.53–10.14) was reported as a plentiful compound in all of the varieties except for the RM variety. A high concentration of D-limonene was detected in the EOs of the RM (33.96%), WI (27.04%), and ESEG (9.10%) varieties. These major compounds were consistent with those reported for other genotypes from different countries. Overall, the EOs’ composition and the chemometric analysis revealed substantial variations among the studied varieties that might be ascribed to genetic variability, considering the stability of the cultivation and climate conditions. Therefore, this chemical polymorphism of the studied varieties supports that these varieties could be considered as genotypes of P. guajava. It is worth mentioning here that the EOs, derived from leaves considered to be agricultural waste, of the studied varieties showed that they are rich in biologically active compounds, particularly β-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, globulol, and D-limonene. These could be considered as added value for pharmacological and industrial applications. Further study is recommended to confirm the chemical variations of the studied varieties at a molecular level, as well as their possible medicinal and industrial uses.

Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.

“…The Egyptian ecospecies of the present study yielded higher EO yield compared to Iranian [ 27 ] and Saudi [ 28 ] ecospecies, which had 0.20 and 0.21%, respectively. This variation in oil production could be ascribed to environmental, climatic, or genetic factors [ 5 , 6 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The term “ecospecies” means that species of the plant can be divided into several ecotypes (a genetically distinct population of plants that is growing in a particular habitat).…”

Proximate Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Halophytes Grown in Coastal Salt Marsh Habitats

“…In this context, Al-Rowaily et al [ 51 ] and El-Amier and Al-hadithy [ 52 ] documented values on other wild species which are within the range of our study, but lower values were documented by Zahran and El-Amier [ 53 ]. The difference in composition could be attributed to the differences in origin, plant species, age, ecological, and climatic factors, or it can be correlated to the physiological status of the plant itself and nutrients available in the soil [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Exploiting the chemical composition of essential oils from Psidium cattleianum and Psidium guajava and its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

“…Studies on the chemical composition of EOA demonstrated the β‐caryophyllene (28.83%) and α‐Pinene (28%) as the major constituents (Chrystal et al., 2020; Savoldi et al., 2020; Soliman et al., 2016); while the chemical profile of the EOG reported β‐caryophyllene (26.6%), β‐bisabolol (19.5%), limonene (17.8%), and caryophyllene oxide (15.5%) as the major components (da Silva de Souza et al., 2017; Hassan et al., 2020; Mendes et al., 2017; Silva et al., 2019). Qualitative and quantitative variations of compounds in the same EOs are common since it is well established that chemotaxonomical differences, physiological age, harvesting seasons, plant parts, and/or extraction methods may affect the composition of EOs (Dhifi et al., 2016; Khadhri et al., 2014; Mohammadhosseini et al., 2017).…”

“…Most of the biological activities of EOs are strongly associated with their chemical composition. Although the chemical profile of EO from araçá and guava leaves has already been investigated (Bermúdez‐Vásquez et al., 2019; Chrystal et al., 2020; Hassan et al., 2020; Savoldi et al., 2020; Silva et al., 2019), additional studies are necessary since the high variability of chemical constituents can be influenced by external and internal factors of the plant. This information is of great relevance for the valorization of regional raw materials with outstanding biological potential.…”