Comparative chemistry and biological properties of the solid residues from hydrodistillation of Spanish populations of <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L.

Abstract

SUMMARY:Solid residues from the hydrodistillation of selected Spanish populations of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) have been analyzed for their polyphenol composition, and antioxidant and bioplaguicide activities. The objective was to evaluate and select the most suitable plant materials as sources of natural antioxidants and crop protectants. Total polyphenol content and polyphenol composition of rosemary populations were very dependent on the growth location: populations from Aranjuez showed a higher content of total polyphenols and were richer in rosmarinic acid as compared with their equivalent populations from Cuenca, whereas these latter were characterized by an overall higher content in genkwanin and carnosol. Most of the antioxidant activities were highly correlated with the total content of polyphenols although some polyphenols like carnosic acid and carnosol seemed to favor such activities. The extracts from R. officinalis were strong antifeedants against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and moderate against Spodoptera littoralis Boisd and Myzus persicae Sulzer, according to their feeding ecologies. The biological effects of the active samples cannot be accounted by their chemical composition, suggesting additive or synergistic effects. Both the phytotoxic and stimulating effects on Lactuca sativa L., and Lolium perenne L. leaf and/or root growth were observed. KEYWORDS: Antifeedants; Antioxidants; Health-promoting compounds; Natural crop protectants; Phytotoxic activity; Residue valorization RESUMEN:Composición química y propiedades biológicas de los residuos sólidos de la hidrodestilación de poblaciones españolas de Rosmarinus officinalis L. Se ha analizado la composición en polifenoles y las actividades antioxidante y bioplaguicida de los residuos sólidos procedentes de la hidrodestilación de poblaciones seleccionadas de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). El objetivo fue evaluar y seleccionar los materiales vegetales más adecuados como fuente de antioxidantes y bioplaguicidas naturales. El contenido total y la composición en polifenoles de las poblaciones de romero dependieron mucho de la localidad de cultivo: las poblaciones de Aranjuez mostraron un mayor contenido en polifenoles y fueron más ricas en ácido rosmarínico en comparación con sus equivalente poblaciones de Cuenca, mientras que éstas últimas en general se caracterizaron por un mayor contenido de genkwanina y carnosol. La mayoría de las actividades antioxidantes estuvieron altamente correlacionadas con el contenido total en polifenoles aunque algunos polifenoles como el ácido carnósico y el carnosol parecen favorecer dichas actividades. Los extractos de R. officinalis mostraron una fuerte actividad fagorepelente frente a Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say y moderada sobre Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. y Myzus persicae Sulzer, de acuerdo a sus adaptaciones tróficas. Los efectos sobre el comportamiento alimentario observados no se justifican por la composición química del extracto, lo que sugiere la existencia de efectos aditivos y/o sinérgi...

Solid Residues from the Distillation of Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl as a Natural Source of Antioxidant Compounds

“…In contrast, the poor content of phenolic compounds of SL4 (1.3 g per 100 g) yielded the lowest DPPH radical‐scavenging activity (IC 50 = 300 μg mL −1 ). The significant correlation between phenol contents and DPPH‐scavenging activities was observed for other residues of aromatic plants (Sánchez‐Vioque et al, , ).…”

“…SRE of populations SL2, SL3, and SL4 yielded the highest iron (II)‐chelating activities with IC 50 values of 99, 103, and 91 μg mL −1 , respectively (Table ). These activities can be considered as very significant in comparison with those observed for other aromatic plant residues (Sánchez‐Vioque et al, , ). In contrast, SL1 and SL8 with IC 50 values of 295 and 346 μg mL −1 , respectively, were the less active.…”

“…The total phenolic content of the SRE ranged from 1.3 g per 100 g in SL4 to 5.7 g in SL7 and SL8 (Table ), which is in agreement with the contents in fresh plants of S. lavandulifolia (Méndez‐Tovar, ). These values are also in the range of the contents of SRE of aromatic plants like Cistus ladanifer , Lavandula x intermedia , and Rosmarinus officinalis but are significantly lower than those of Thymus mastichina (22.2 g per 100 g) or Santolina rosmarinifolia (10.0 g per 100 g) (Sánchez‐Vioque et al, , ). The SRE from population SL1 was especially rich in salvigenin (45.12 mg g −1 dry extract) and, to a much lesser extent, in luteolin‐7‐ O ‐glucoronide (6.90 mg g −1 ) and apigenin‐7‐ O ‐glucoside (6.27 mg g −1 ) (Table ).…”

“…The SRE were incubated with linoleic acid to evaluate their capacity to inhibit the oxidation of this unsaturated fatty acid as described by Sánchez‐Vioque et al (). Briefly, samples (0.2 mL) were mixed with 5.8 mL of distilled water and 5 μL of linoleic acid in screwed tubes, thoroughly stirred, and incubated at 60 °C.…”

Preparation of Gel Alcohol Flavored with Essential Oils. An Employ of Laboratory Techniques in the Organic Chemistry Study

“…flavorings, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent) and pharmaceutical (e.g. hepatoprotective, diuretic, hypocholesterolemic, antirheumatic and antithrombotic) industries [18,19,20]. The principal components of this EO from rosemary are 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene, and borneol [21].…”