Comparative cytotoxicity studies of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles in murine glioma cells

Grudziński, Ireneusz P.; Bystrzejewski, M.; Cywinska, Monika A.; Kośmider, Anita; Popławska, Magdalena; Cieszanowski, Andrzej; Fijałek, Zbigniew; Ostrowska, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.015

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It was recently reported that carbon-encapsulated Fe nanoparticles including an amount of non-encapsulated Fe nanoparticles result in higher toxicity in glioma cells than that of fully encapsulated ones [8]. The absence of non-encapsulated particles in our observation can thus be considered to be an important contribution of the current synthesis method and an advantage for possible medical applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…There is considerable interest in metallic magnetic nanoparticles owing to their potential applications such as magnetic carriers for biomedicine, malignant cancer detection and therapy, drug and gene delivery, drug targeting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic data storage, magnetic sifting and xerography [1–8]. In particular, Fe, Ni and Co-based magnetic nanoparticles are preferred candidates for medical applications because of their high magnetization and catalyzing abilities [4,6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials such as silica, boron nitride, noble metals and organic polymers have been used for such coating [15–22]. Carbon has also been considered to be a good option to form core/shell type nanostructures because it is light-weight, biocompatible, thermally stable, chemically inert and easily functionalized [1,4,8,15–19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of graphite-encapsulated iron nanoparticles from ball milling-assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Ağaoğulları

Madsen

Ögüt

et al. 2017

Carbon

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Graphite-encapsulated Fe nanoparticles were synthesized using a combined method of high-energy ball milling and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). Fe2O3 and graphite powders were milled to increase their surface areas and obtain a more homogeneous distribution. LPCVD was performed at a pressure of ~0.57 Torr in a tube furnace under a CH4/H2 atmosphere at 1050°C for 1 and 3 h. As-synthesized samples were purified in a 2 M HF solution. Characterization was performed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and alternating gradient magnetometry (AGM). XRD revealed the presence of body centered cubic (BCC) and face centered cubic (FCC) Fe phases without residual iron oxides. SEM confirmed the powders were better mixed and smaller after ball milling compared to mortar and pestle milled powders. High resolution TEM showed all nanoparticles had at least four and on average 16 graphitic layers, around an Fe core ranging from 20–300 nm. Magnetic measurements indicated that nanoparticles exhibit soft ferromagnetic behavior with low saturation magnetization (17–21 emu/g) and coercivity (110 Oe). A chemical stability test performed in a 2 M HCl solution showed that graphitic shells did not degrade, nor was there evidence of core dissolution or shell discontinuity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of graphite-encapsulated iron nanoparticles from ball milling-assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Ağaoğulları

Madsen

Ögüt

et al. 2017

Carbon

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“…In the previous study on toxicity induced by carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles synthesized using a carbon arc route, 22 cell cycle arrest and necrosis were dominantly observed at 24 h, rather than early stage-apoptosis. 15 Here, we propose a potential mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by the exposure to Fe@C NPs prepared in one-post synthesis. To do this, we analyzed the expression of molecular markers and activation-inactivation relationship for signal transduction as well as membrane integrity in Fe@C NP-exposed cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotic cell death caused by exposure to graphitic carbon‐coated magnetic nanoparticles

Kim

Sanetuntikul

Shanmugam

et al. 2015

J Biomedical Materials Res

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We synthesized graphitic carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe@C NPs) and evaluated their physicochemical properties and mechanism of cytotoxicity in vitro. The structure of these nanocomposites consisted of an iron core encapsulated by a graphitic-carbon shell. The diameter of these Fe@C NPs was 81 ± 14 nm, and the thickness of the carbon layer encapsulating the core was 7.0 ± 0.5 nm. Inhibition of cell proliferation was induced by exposure to Fe@C NPs at doses above 50 μg mL(-1) . The exposed cells did not show increased activation of apoptosis biomarkers such as PARP, caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9, and apoptosis-specific responses such as DNA laddering and annexin V binding to the cell membranes. In addition, the expression levels of autophagy-specific biomarkers such as ATG5 and LC3 after exposure were not enhanced, either. Instead, we observed increased release of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture media and red-fluorescent cell cytosol stained with ethidium homodimer I after the exposure. These results indicated enhanced cell membrane permeability after exposure to Fe@C NPs, probably caused by necrosis. The analysis of the regulatory molecules of cell cycling and proliferation, ERK, p53, and AKT, implied that cell cycle arrest was initiated and the cells were sensitized to necrosis. This necrotic cell death was also observed in carbon shells from Fe@C NPs obtained by removing the metal core. In conclusion, the graphitic carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles synthesized by one-pot synthesis induced necrotic cell death to human HEK293 cells, which was caused by graphitic carbon surface encapsulating the metal core.

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“…[26,30,31] CEINs can be also applied in nanomedi-cine. [25,32,33] The magnetic properties of CEINs make them attractive candidates for the construction of MRI contrast agents using utilizing the nanotheranostic concept. It should be highlighted that the structure of CEINs includes the chemically inert carbon coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid‐Navigated and β‐Cyclodextrin‐Decorated Carbon‐Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles as the Nanotheranostic Platform for Controlled Release of 5‐Fluorouracil

et al. 2018

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The theranostic probe based on carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) is presented. First, the conjugates of CEINs and polyethylenimine (PEI) were obtained to modify the surface of CEINs with amino groups. It was archived either by means of direct radical addition of PEI to CEINs (CEINs‐NH‐PEI material) or the amidation‐type reaction between CEINs∼COOH and the polymer (CEINs∼CONH‐PEI material obtained). β‐Cyclodextrin (βCD) was selected as the drug delivery vector. βCD was covalently anchored to the PEI‐functionalized CEINs via the 1,1’‐carbonyldiimidazole‐mediated reaction. The synthesis included the conjugation of folic acid (FA; targeting ligand) to CEINs via the carbodiimide‐mediated amidation‐type process. The innovative method for excluding a side process of the FA@βCD complex formation during the FA conjugation to PEI, was developed. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) was chosen as the representative drug molecule. 5‐FU was anchored to the CEINs∼PEI∼βCD∼FA nanoplatforms employing the host‐guest chemistry of βCD. The success of the reactions was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The content of anchored organic compounds depends on the type of linkage between PEI and CEINs. Additionally, 5‐FU release profile was examined at various pH. The highest release of 5‐FU was observed at pH 9.0, whilst the lowest at pH 4.7. This work sheds a new light on application of carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles in nanomedicine as the novel drug delivery theranostic systems.

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Comparative cytotoxicity studies of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles in murine glioma cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Synthesis and characterization of graphite-encapsulated iron nanoparticles from ball milling-assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Synthesis and characterization of graphite-encapsulated iron nanoparticles from ball milling-assisted low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Necrotic cell death caused by exposure to graphitic carbon‐coated magnetic nanoparticles

Folic Acid‐Navigated and β‐Cyclodextrin‐Decorated Carbon‐Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles as the Nanotheranostic Platform for Controlled Release of 5‐Fluorouracil

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