Comparative effectiveness of single foods and food groups on body weight: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 152 randomized controlled trials

The effect of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international, multicentre study

“…1 Based on epidemiological evidence, the consumption of whole-grain cereal foods has been associated with several beneficial health effects, including a reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and overall and causespecific mortality. [2][3][4][5] However, wheat products can also elicit adverse (immune-mediated) effects, such as in coeliac disease and wheat allergy. In addition, a proportion of the general population now avoid or have reduced their consumption of wheat products due to self-reported symptoms following wheat intake, without having positive tests for coeliac disease or wheat allergy.…”

Higher Imported Food Patterns Are Associated with Obesity and Severe Obesity in Tuvalu: A Latent Class Analysis

“…In view of the alarming prevalence of obesity in Tuvalu [ 8 ], these findings could be useful for developing healthy intervention strategies to reduce the burden of obesity in this country, such as importing more nutritious and less processed foods, encouraging home garden cultivation of traditional local foods, and encouraging other healthy diet and lifestyle habits, discussed in more detail below. Although these eating patterns are understood as a sum of their components [ 34 ], differences in some individual food groups, the locality of food production, and the food diversity that differentiates the 4 observed eating patterns could explain these findings in part.…”

Development and Validation of the Meiji Nutritional Profiling System (Meiji NPS) to Address Dietary Needs of Adults and Older Adults in Japan

“…We followed the lead of a previous study, in which the foods of the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table 2020 Edition (8th Edition) were grouped in terms of nutrient density [69] by including green teas, black teas, and coffee as vegetables and cocoa (pure powder) as legumes. These foods reportedly provide benefits in terms of obesity [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77], hypertension [78][79][80][81], dyslipidemia [78,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], and diabetes [76,77,91]. The composition of food groups to encourage followed the coding scheme of the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table 2020 Edition (8th Edition) [92].…”