Comparative Effects of a Single Treatment Session Using Glucosamine Sulphate and Methyl Salicylate on Pain and Hamstring Flexibility of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Transdermal delivery of topical medications is commonly used for managing osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis of the knee joint impairs lower limb functions which contributes to poor gait patterns. There is insufficient empirical data to support the efficacy of glucosamine sulphate and methyl salicilate cream in the management of knee OA. The aims of this study were to compare the immediate effects of glucosamine sulphate and methyl salicylate cream on pain, flexibility and knee flexion. Forty one subjects with grade ll knee OA were recruited for the study. They were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One gram of each topical formulation was administered to the knee joint using massage. Pre and post-intervention pain intensities, hamstring flexibilities and active knee flexion were measured. Descriptive, paired and independent t-tests statistics were used to analyze the data. There were significant reduction in pain intensities within the groups (t = 9.08, p<0.001; t =6.29, p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the post treatments pain intensities across the two groups. There were significant increase in the flexibilities of groups 1 and 2 post treatment (t= 9.14, p<0.001) and (t= -5.67, p<0.001) respectively but there was insignificant difference in the flexibilities of the groups. Similarly, there was insignificant difference in the range of motion when the active knee flexions of the two groups were compared. We concluded that transdermal massage of glucosamine was as effective as methyl salicilate in alleviating pains, improving hamstring flexibility and increasing knee flexion range of motion in a single treatment session among knee OA participants in this study.

Preliminary exploration of acceptance and emotional responses to the key floral volatile compounds of Pu'er crude tea

“…In a few words, wild was the most frequent and strongest emotional word in the two mixed samples (Figures S3H and S3I), indicating that methyl salicylate played an important role in the aroma of the mixed samples. When used in high relative content, methyl salicylate is an effective topical analgesic that can alleviate muscle and joint pain as well as conditions like arthritis (Yoshinobu Higashi et al., 2010; Teslim et al., 2014). To a certain extent, the smell of wind medicated oil has the effect of refreshing and calming (Ding et al., 2014), which indicates that the refreshing and anti‐inflammatory effects of tea (Yang et al., 2023) may be the result of the synergistic effect of its components (caffeine, catechin, theanine, etc.)…”