Comparative effects of different legume protein sources in weaned piglets: nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes

Salgado, Paulo; Freire, João P. B.; Mourato, Miguel; Cabral, F. M.; Toullec, R.; Lallès, Jean Paul

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00297-4

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…cultivars as shown in Table 1a and b, were in good agreement with values published in current feed tables (NRC, 1998;AmiPig, 2000;Degussa, 2006 Salgado et al (2002), the lupin cultivars assayed herein had higher average NDF and ADF contents (248 and 207 g/kg DM, respectively) compared with faba bean and field pea cultivars. In this study, coloured-flowered faba bean cultivars (Divine, Limbo, Fuego, Espresso) had higher NDF and ADF contents compared with white-flowered cultivars (Aurelia, Gloria), which may be associated with a thicker seed coat in coloured-flowered faba beans (Duc et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

In vitro prediction of standardised ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibilities in grain legumes for growing pigs

Jezierny

Mosenthin

Sauer

et al. 2010

Animal

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The study was conducted to validate in vitro prediction of standardised ileal digestibilities (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in grain legumes for growing pigs using six different cultivars of faba beans (Vicia faba), six different cultivars of field peas (Pisum sativum), and five different cultivars of lupins (Lupinus spp.). The SID for CP and AA were predicted from in vitro analysis by means of a two-step enzymatic method using pepsin and pancreatin incubations. In vitro predicted SID values of CP and AA were generally higher than the corresponding SID values measured in vivo. There were strong linear relationships (r 2 5 0.73 for Lys to r 2 5 0.91 for Cys and Trp) between in vivo and in vitro predicted SID values in the assay feed ingredients if grain legume species (i.e. faba beans, field peas and lupins) was included as a covariate in multiple linear regression analysis. However, to rapidly and accurately predict SID of CP and AA in individual batches of various feed ingredients, further studies are warranted.Keywords: standardised ileal digestibility, in vitro, grain legumes, amino acids, pigs ImplicationsClose linear relationships between in vivo standardised ileal digestibilities (SID) and in vitro predicted SID values for crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in faba beans, field peas and lupins were obtained. However, probably due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors, differences between in vitro predicted SID and in vivo SID values varied between and within these grain legume species. Thus, further validation of the in vitro assay based on the results of in vivo SID studies is required before being used for the prediction of SID of CP and AA in feed ingredients and diets for pigs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

In vitro prediction of standardised ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibilities in grain legumes for growing pigs

Jezierny

Mosenthin

Sauer

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…In other studies, higher TTAD coefficients of indigenous pigs has been related to differences in total weight of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in enzymatic and microbial activity of the gut and in digesta passage rate (Freire et al, 2003). Nevertheless, little information is available in the literature relating TTAD coefficients to micro-anatomical structure of the intestine, which is often referred to in studies on weaning piglets, in which the structural aspects of the intestine have not necessarily reached 'mature' morphology (Salgado et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2008). Regardless of animalrelated factors (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative studies involving the morphology of the GIT and TTAD coefficients have been often referred to the weaning period, which is a critical stage for the health and survival of the piglet (Salgado et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2008). However, to our knowledge, no information is available in the literature relating the intestinal morphology and structure of the GIT and possible digestive variation between pig genotypes at higher stages of growth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pig genotype (Iberian v. Landrace × Large White) on nutrient digestibility, relative organ weight and small intestine structure at two stages of growth

Barea

Nieto

Vitari

et al. 2011

Animal

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Although the effects of pig genotype on total-tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) have been widely reported in the literature, there is controversial information on the digestive capacity of indigenous breeds compared with lean-type pigs. The strategy of this study was to test the effects of pig genotype and crude protein (CP) supply on performance, digestive utilization of nutrients, relative organ weight and morphometric analysis of the small intestine. Thirty-eight Iberian (IB) and Landrace 3 Large White (LD) pigs were used. Three pigs per genotype were slaughtered at approximately 15 kg BW. The remaining pigs were fed one of two diets differing in CP content (13% or 17% as fed) using a pair-fed procedure. Feeding level was restricted at 0.8 3 ad libitum of IB pigs. Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance trials were performed at 30 and 80 kg BW. Four pigs per dietary treatment and genotype were slaughtered at approximately 50 and 115 kg BW. The gastrointestinal tract and the rest of the visceral organs were weighed and samples of the small intestine were taken to carry out histological and histometrical studies. Daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio were higher in LD than in IB pigs during the fattening and growing-fattening periods ( P , 0.01). N TTAD was significantly higher for LD pigs at 30 kg BW ( P , 0.05), whereas at 80 kg BW we observed greater values for digestibility of organic matter and energy in IB pigs (averaging 1.5%, P , 0.01). Both N retention (NR) and efficiency of NR were increased in LD pigs at 30 and 80 kg BW (30% as mean value). The proportional weight of the small intestine was greater in LD than in IB pigs at 50 and 115 kg BW. Histometry showed that IB presented a lower muscle layer thickness than LD pigs in ileum, irrespective of the BW ( P , 0.05). In contrast, LD pigs showed approximately 10% higher ileal villi length and villi-to-crypt ratio than IB pigs at 115 kg BW. CP supply affected to a larger extent the small intestinal micro-anatomical structure of LD pigs at 50 kg BW. In conclusion, our results suggests that although the higher growth rate, NR and efficiency of NR observed in LD pigs might be associated with presumably more efficient structural aspects of the small intestine, the main differences between the two genotypes should be attributed to a larger extent to protein and energy utilization in tissues with consequences for the overall efficiency of energy use.

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“…European-grown alternative protein sources such as lupin (Lupinus albus, L. luteus, L. angustifolius) and naked oats (Avena nuda) are available, but only partially fulfil the requirement for the essential amino acid methionine of growing pigs [6]. In addition, the provision of sufficient methionine and lysine in alternative protein sources is often accompanied by the over-supply of total protein, with the associated negative environmental effects of nitrogen excretion and emission of greenhouse gases, and the adverse impacts of high dietary contents of protein and anti-nutritional factors on piglet health [1,7].…”

Section: According To European Regulation ((Ec) No 889/2008 and (Eu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Silage-Based Feed with Alternative Sources of Protein in Organic Pig Rations

Clements¹,

Higham²,

Smith

et al. 2015

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Current regulations for organic pig and poultry production systems permit feed ingredients of non-organic origin at an inclusion rate of up to 5 per cent. This is primarily due to concerns that there is an insufficient supply of organic protein on the European Union market, in terms of quality and quantity, to meet the nutritional requirements of pigs and poultry raised on organic farms. However, 100 per cent organic diets for monogastric livestock will become compulsory in the EU from 1 January 2018, and there is therefore a need to develop sustainable feeding strategies based on organic feeds. This feed trial conducted in the UK explores the feasibility of using a silage-based feeding system for Gloucester Old Spot pigs, and compares the inclusion of soya, beans and peas as protein sources in terms of pig growth performance. No significant difference in the pen mean daily live weight gain was observed during the grower phase (pen mean age of 11-14 weeks) between the diet groups. However, during the finisher phase (pen mean age of 15-22 weeks), pigs on the soya and pea rations had significantly faster growth rates than pigs fed the bean ration. It is speculated that the slight shortfall in growth rate observed in the pigs fed the bean ration may be offset by the lower cost of production of beans in the UK. This feasibility trial demonstrates that a 100 per cent organic diet for pigs using alternative, locally-grown sources of protein as part of a forage-based ration can provide a viable alternative to a soya-based diet.

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Comparative effects of different legume protein sources in weaned piglets: nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

In vitro prediction of standardised ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibilities in grain legumes for growing pigs

In vitro prediction of standardised ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibilities in grain legumes for growing pigs

Effects of pig genotype (Iberian v. Landrace × Large White) on nutrient digestibility, relative organ weight and small intestine structure at two stages of growth

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Silage-Based Feed with Alternative Sources of Protein in Organic Pig Rations

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