Comparative Effects of Dinitrophenol and Thyroid on Pituitary-Gonadal Complex of Female Rats

Halpern, Salmon R.; Hendryson, Irvin E.

doi:10.3181/00379727-33-8334c

Cited by 5 publications

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“…But Halpern & Hendryson [1935] were not able to interrupt the sexual cycle with dinitrophenol, and they believe that the action of thyroid extract is not entirely due to weight loss. However, Drill & Sherwood [1938] have succeeded in re-establishing the oestrous cycle after thyroid feeding by improving appetite with vitamin and yeast extract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of Chronic Inanition on the Gonadotrophic Content of the Pituitary Gland

Rinaldini¹

1949

Journal of Endocrinology

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Chronic or acute inanition interrupts the sexual cycle in the albino rat, and is associated with regressive changes in the ovaries. Similar effects have been described in other animals, and ' war amenorrhea ' and sterility are well known to occur among severely malnourished women. The decreased amount of gonadotrophins in the urine of these women and the fact that oestrus can be re-established in underfed animals by either pituitary or chorionic gonadotrophins suggests that anoestrus is not due to primary ovarian dysfunction but to lack of gonadotrophic hormones. This view is supported by various authors, but surprisingly enough only a few of them have endeavoured to measure the actual gonadotrophic power of the anterior lobe during inanition, and this only by the implantation method, which is liable to considerable experimental error as shown by the discrepancies in the results.In the present work, after verification of the oestrus-inhibiting effect of inanition and the sensitivity of the ovary in the strain of rat used to gonadotrophic hormones, saline extracts of the anterior lobes of the pituitary glands of severely underfed rats were injected subcutaneously in hypophysectomized young rats. The effect on ovarian weight was compared with that of the same dose of normal anterior lobe extracts.Parabiosis between undernourished and normally fed rats was carried out, in an attempt to re-establish oestrus by passage of the circulating gonadotrophins from the normal to the starved animal. EXPERIMENTAL Experiment 1. Interruption of oestrous cycle by malnutrition Fifteen mature virgin female rats, with an average weight of 146 g., were isolated in individual cages and fed a restricted balanced diet of bread and milk that provided approximately 14 calories per day, until 30-40 % of their initial weight had been lost (mean loss 36 %). At this stage they were killed, and histological sections of the ovaries were compared with those of ten normal controls.Before the commencement of the experiment, vaginal smears were taken for 7 days while the animals were on stock diets to ensure that they had normal oestrous cycles. After the beginning of caloric restriction, vaginal smears of six animals were examined daily for 30 days. ResultsOestrous cycle. Table 1 shows that, with the exception of rat no. 6, all animals had normal cycles to the 15th day. Irregular and weak oestrus then appeared, until permanent anoestrus was established. Interruption of the sexual cycle was complete in all animals examined from the 21st day onwards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of Chronic Inanition on the Gonadotrophic Content of the Pituitary Gland

Rinaldini¹

1949

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The stimulating action of 2, 4-dinitrophenol on metabolism and oxygen consumption has been demonstrated for many organisms both embryonic and adult (Shoup and Kimler, 1934, luminous bacteria; Bodine and Boell, 1938, grasshopper embryos;Root and Etkin, 1937, toadfish;and others). It raises the metabolic rate of female rats (Halpern and Hendryson, 1935) but does not accelerate development in amphibian embryos (Cutting and Tainter, 1933;Dawson, 1938;Buchanan, 1938). In sea urchin eggs this and other nitro-and halophenols simultaneously increase respiration and block cell division (Krahl and Clowes, 1938).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The effects on gastrulation are especially interesting because of the numerous studies of exogastrulation which have been made in both amphibia and echinoderms. For the present study a 1 per cent stock solution of 2, 4-dinitrophenol was made according to the method of Halpern and Hendryson (1935), and sufficient amounts added to spring water to make the desired solutions. Concentrations of 1 : 10,000 up to 1 : 1,000,000 were used, but the most significant results appeared at concentrations from 1 : 40,000 up to 1 : 200,000.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of 2, 4-Dinitrophenol on the Early Development of the Teleost, Oryzias Latipes

Waterman¹

1939

The Biological Bulletin

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“…On the other hand, the results of Morrin and Loeb (1935) indicated that the response of the guinea pig's ovary to implants of the pars glandularis (guinea pig, ox, rabbit, and rat) was the same whether or not the thyroid had been removed previously. Halpern and Hendryson (1935) reported that dinitrophenol, a general stimulant of metabolism, does not significantly affect the oestrous cycles of rats and that changes in the oestrous cycles caused by thyroid extract therefore cannot be attributed to the stimulating effect of the extract on metaboHsm.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiology and Pharmacology of the Pituitary Body.

1937

Arch Intern Med

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The Pituitary Body in Relation to the Regulation of the Distribution OF Pigment IN Chromatophores . . . 244 IX. New Observations on the Chemistry and Pharmacology OF Extracts of the Pars Neuralis 258 X. The Pars Neuralis as a Gland of Internal Secretion . 274 Appendix. The Structural Formulas and Principal Actions OF Hormones of Natural Origin Bibliography Index 51955 ' Whether or not a pars intermedia can be identified in the bird's pituitary is still undecided (see the discussion of Wislocki and Gelling).f 10]''' Testosterone or androstenedione can cause ovulation by acting on the excised ovary of the toad, X. laevis .

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Comparative Effects of Dinitrophenol and Thyroid on Pituitary-Gonadal Complex of Female Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Chronic Inanition on the Gonadotrophic Content of the Pituitary Gland

Effect of Chronic Inanition on the Gonadotrophic Content of the Pituitary Gland

Effects of 2, 4-Dinitrophenol on the Early Development of the Teleost, Oryzias Latipes

The Physiology and Pharmacology of the Pituitary Body.

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