Comparative effects of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation on the human blink reflex

Willer, Jean-Claude; Roby, A.; Boulu, P; Boureau, F.

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(82)90133-6

Cited by 92 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…18 The results of some animal experiments and studies in pain-free subjects support the hypothesis that (electro)acupuncture as well as TENS might stimulate an opiate-mediated inhibitory system, which may account for the increased threshold of nociceptive reflexes. 2,8,23,28,29 A gradual, often delayed, prolonged, and progressive decrease in the size of both components of the flexor reflex following TENS applied below the level of SCI might at least be partially mediated by the endogenous opioid system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Suppression of flexor reflex by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in spinal cord injured patients

Gregorič

1998

Muscle Nerve

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Suppression of flexor reflex by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in spinal cord injured patients

Gregorič

1998

Muscle Nerve

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“…20,38 These results are supported by human studies that showed that small doses of naloxone (blocking for the most part μ opioid receptors) 17 are able to reverse AT but not CT analgesia. 1,8,15,19,24,37,44 Alternately, large doses of naloxone (which are believed to ensure adequate blockage of all opioid receptor subtypes) 3,5 were shown to reverse CT analgesia. 23 The interaction between AT and opioids (but not between CT and opioids) observed in the present study indirectly confirm these observations.…”

Section: Acupuncture-like Tens In Opioid Treated Patients 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Analgesic Effect of Acupuncture-like TENS but Not Conventional TENS in Opioid-Treated Patients

Léonard

Cloutier

Marchand

2011

The Journal of Pain

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Acupuncture-like TENS in opioid treated patients 2 AbstractEvidence from recent animal studies indicates that the analgesic effect of low frequency TENS is reduced in opioid tolerant animals. The aim of the present study was to compare the analgesic effect of conventional (high frequency) and acupuncture-like (low frequency) TENS between a group of opioid treated patients and a group of opioid-naive patients in order to determine if this cross-tolerance effect is also present in humans.Twenty-three chronic pain patients (11 who took opioids and 12 who did not) participated in the study. Participants were assigned in a randomized cross-over design to receive alternately conventional and acupuncture-like TENS. There was a significant reduction in pain during and after conventional TENS when compared to baseline for both the opioid and non-opioid group (p<.01). For acupuncture-like TENS however, the analgesic effect of TENS was only observed in the non-opioid group (p<.01), with opioid treated patients showing no change in pain scores during and after TENS when compared to baseline (p>.09). The reduced analgesic effect of acupuncture-like TENS in opioid treated patients is coherent with previous animal studies and suggests that conventional TENS should be preferred in patients taking opioids on a regular basis.Perspective: This study shows that patients taking opioids on a regular basis are less susceptible to benefit from acupuncture-like TENS. This phenomenon is probably attributable to the fact that the analgesia induced by acupuncture-like TENS and opioids are mediated by the same receptors (i.e. μ opioid receptors).

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“…In other words, the convergent properties of each motoneuronal pool were studied to investigate to what extent the V-XI Rl blink reflex response could functionally replace the normal V-VII Rl blink reflex response. For this purpose, we used a classic double shock technique.5 7 Briefly, the test stimulus (ipsilateral supraorbital nerve) was adjusted to elicit stable blink reflex responses while the conditioning stimulus (either ipsilateral or contralateral supraorbital nerve) was adjusted to just subthreshold for any reflex response. The Rl reflex response was integrated and measured within a 15 ms time window starting 8 ms after the test stimulus onset.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial restoration of blink reflex function after spinal accessory-facial nerve anastomosis.

Danziger

Chassande

Lamas

et al. 1995

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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In normal subjects, electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve elicits a well known two component blink reflex response in the orbicularis oculi muscles: the first one (R1) has a short latency (around 10 ms), and is strictly ipsilateral to the stimulus, whereas the second component (R2) The R2 response is known to be mediated by peripheral afferents similar to those for the RI response.2 3 Its central circuitry is largely polysynaptic and has been extensively described elsewhere.9- ' We have shown recently that in patients in whom the hypoglossal nerve (XIIth cranial nerve) was anastomosed into an axotomised lesioned facial nerve (VIIth cranial nerve), this resulted not only in a replacement of facial motoneurons at peripheral synapses, but also of a new short latency trigeminohypoglossal reflex of the Rl blink reflex type, which could be demonstrated without an R2 component.'9This surprising finding was explained in terms of the sprouting of axons from trigeminal neurons towards hypoglossal motoneurons, thus making new trigeminohypoglossal connections that allowed the restoration of a function which existed before the peripheral lesion.We now report the finding that in a patient with a spinal accessory-facial nerve (XI-VII) crossover, a synaptic reorganisation of the Rl

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Comparative effects of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation on the human blink reflex

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Suppression of flexor reflex by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in spinal cord injured patients

Suppression of flexor reflex by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in spinal cord injured patients

Reduced Analgesic Effect of Acupuncture-like TENS but Not Conventional TENS in Opioid-Treated Patients

Partial restoration of blink reflex function after spinal accessory-facial nerve anastomosis.

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