Comparative evaluation of biochar, pelelith, and garbage enzyme on nitrogenase and nitrogen-fixing bacteria during the composting of sewage sludge

Biochar Combined with Garbage Enzyme Enhances Nitrogen Conservation during Sewage Sludge Composting: Evidence from Microbial Community and Enzyme Activities Related to Ammoniation

“…These results indicate that additives were effective in compensating the loss of N via NH 3 emissions. These results are in line with previous studies, which suggested that the low-pH and enzyme-rich activities of GE and the adsorption capacity of BC and PL are major sources of reduced N mineralization in composting processes where GE and BC or PL were used as a process catalyst and additives, respectively [17]. However, in our study, the values in the GE + BC and GE + PL treatments were significantly higher than the GE treatments.…”

“…Similarly, the NO 3 -N contents firstly increased during days 0-8 and then decreased until the end of the composting period (Figure 1d). This is in line with the previous study conducted on SS composting [17]. The difference was that the maximum NO 3 -N contents appeared on day 8, which lagged behing the peak values of the NH 4 -N contents.…”

“…The values for GE + BC and GE + PL were greater than those for the CK and GE treatments, which might be attributed to the low pH of GE, which may slightly inhibit the decomposition of organic matter [23]. Meanwhile, the BC and PL alleviated the inhibition of GE, promoted the degradation of organic matter, and effectively absorbed the emitted NH 3 [17]. Following this, the NH 4 -N contents in the GE + BC and GE + PL treatments showed an obvious decrease certainly due to the intense nitrification and, therefore, perhaps not greatly different within the CK and GE treatments.…”

“…In addition, it is well known that biochar (BC) and pelelith (PL) are widely used additives during organic waste composting that reduce NH 3 emissions and N loss. Their usage is mainly based on their high total-pore volume and adsorption capacities [15], which increase porosity and eliminate anaerobic pocket formation [16,17]. Used together, BC and PL could provide habitat and refuge for bacteria, protect bacteria from low pH levels, and the generate high temperatures via high specific surface area and total pore volume [18].…”

One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) Optimization of Victoria Blue R Dye Biodegradation by Pineapple Waste Garbage Enzymes

“…The pineapple and citrus peelsderived GE have high levels of protease, lipase, and amylase activity, which aid in the breakdown of TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen), COD (Chemical oxygen demand), and TP (Total phosphorus) in waste activated sludge and landfill leachate, increasing their solubilization [8,9]. Jiang et al, [11] reported that adding GE effectively reduced the NH3 emission and increased the TN (Total Nitrogen) content of the end compost. No information about the succession of garbage enzymes from pineapple waste for dye decolorization is available.…”