Even though the modern age has offered multiple progress both technological and medical and that includes life expectancy, a series of issues have been noticed within the lifestyle that negatively affects mental health. Although acute depressive disorder is one of the most frequent and invalidating psychiatric disorders from modern times, its origin remains unclear. The prevalence of this disorder has increased in the past 3 decades. Even though this may be caused by errors in diagnostic procedures and later release of patients, it is most probable that there are modern factors that contribute to this increase. Together with the physiopathological mechanisms that involve the role of cerebral monoamines in depression, the inflammatory hypothesis according to which there is a bi-directional relation between depression and inflammation, seems to get more support in the scientific world. Even though there were noted differences both between the clinical chart and the evolution of the depressive disorder in men and women and this is a very important aspect that needs to be considered in the clinical approach of the patient, each being an unique case.