Comparative Evaluation of Red Wine from Various European Regions Using Mass Spectrometry Tools

Use of Untargeted Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Metabolome To Discriminate Italian Monovarietal Red Wines, Produced in Their Different Terroirs

“…Because the wines from each group originated from different wineries following different winemaking practices, it cannot be ruled out that amino acids could act as markers to discriminate between wines obtained from different cultivars. In the past, the amino acid profile has been proposed as a tool for wine discrimination. − Proline is the only amino acid not consumed by yeast in anaerobic conditions, a characteristic that makes it suitable for use in food fraud analysis . According to our results, Primitivo wines showed a relatively low concentration for this amino acid, with Teroldego showing the highest and Nerello showing the lowest.…”

Determination of trace elements in undiluted wine samples using an automatized total sample consumption system coupled to ICP-MS

“…1 Complementarily to other parameters, wine elemental composition can provide relevant information on its quality, characteristics and origin. [2][3][4][5] Metals, such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn mainly affect the organoleptic characteristics of wine (i.e., flavor, freshness, aroma, color and taste), due to the formation of precipitates (yeast, fining and filtration sediments) or clouding during wine fermentation, maturation and storage. 3,6 Other elements, including As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, are of great concern due to their toxicity.…”

“…The official methods for the determination of metals in wine, commonly applied in routine laboratories, are based on atomic spectrometry, 3,7,8 including flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), 3,7,8,15,16 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), 3,7,8,[17][18][19][20][21][22] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 3,5,7,8,17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] being the latter the most applied technique in recent years. However, the introduction of organic samples into the plasma source is still a challenge as ICP techniques suffer from severe interferences caused by complex organic matrices, including matrix effects, plasma degradation and soot deposition at the injector tip and interface cones.…”

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), a Useful Tool in Authenticity of Agricultural Products’ and Foods’ Origin

“…According to our knowledge, the forementioned studies were the first endeavors to distinguish diverse varieties and origins of wines with the employment of ICP-MS. Since then, several studies [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] ( Table 2 ) have been carried out on the elemental determination and correlation among various wine varieties, grapes, and soils aiming to trace elements which would be excellent markers for the authentication of geographical origin. In 2021, Wang’s group compared the elemental profile and the variations from soil to grapes and wines from diverse Chinese regions.…”