Comparative evaluation of smear layer removal by chitosan and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid when used as irrigant and its effect on root dentine: An in vitro atomic force microscopic and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the chelating capacity of chitosan acetate and chitosan citrate on intraradicular dentin using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and quantity calcium content of intraradicular dentin using energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX). Materials and Methods: sixty freshly extracted human single rooted lower premolars were instrumented with Revo-S files till size AS 35.The samples were dispensed into 5 groups according to the final rinse used and control group (10 samples each); Group I: irrigated with 0.2% chitosan acetate, Group II: irrigated with 0.2% chitosan citrate, Group III: irrigated with 1% acetic acid, Group IV: irrigated with 1% citric acid, Group V: irrigated with 17% EDTA and control group which was divided into;(VIa) :5 samples irrigated with sterile saline and (VIb): 5 samples were neither prepared nor received any treatment. Samples were grooved longitudinally and the cleanliness of the root canals and smear layer were evaluated at three root levels using ESEM. The calcium content of intraradicular dentin of five samples from each experimental group (I,II,III,IV,V) and the samples of control group (VIa and VIb) was measured using EDX. Results: At three root levels; there was a statistical difference among the tested groups and control group in the median scores of smear layer However, there was no statistical difference in the median scores of smear layer among the tested groups. Comparing the smear layer scores within each tested group, apical level has the highest median smear layer score compared to other two levels. Regarding calcium content, the highest mean calcium content was recorded in samples treated with saline followed by samples that did not receive any irrigation. However, no statistical difference among tested groups. Conclusion: chelating potential of 0.2% chitosan acetate and 0.2% chitosan citrate is comparable to that of 17% EDTA when used as final rinse without much altering the calcium content of intraradicular dentin compared to 17% EDTA.

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“…6,No. 3 ratio of 17% EDTA group is lower than that of 0.2% and 0.5% chitosan acetate solutions at three root level (30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Evaluation of Chelating Potential of Chitosan Citrate and Chitosan Acetate on Intraradicular Dentin

Naem¹,

Fawzy

Abdelnaby

2019

ADJ-for Girls

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“…In dentistry, CH has shown antibiofilm (8) and chelating effects (7)(8)(9)(10). Its ability to remove the smear layer, similar to that of 17% EDTA and of calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament, has been confirmed by previous studies (6,7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Acetic acid (AA) can remove dentin calcium ions, favoring smear layer removal, but it can also reach the inorganic structure of dentin, causing subsequent erosion and changes in dentin microhardness (6). In order to obtain a chelating effect without harming the dentin content or periapical tissues, other solutions have been proposed and tested, such as chitosan (CH) (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes

Pivatto¹,

Pedro²,

Guedes³

et al. 2020

Braz. Dent. J.

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This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect and the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) of 0.2% chitosan (CH) and 1% acetic acid (AA) compared with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Cell viability assay was performed according to ISO 10993-5 with mouse fibroblasts (L929). The culture was exposed to 0.2% CH, 1% AA, and 17% EDTA. The chelating agents were evaluated immediately after contact with the cells and after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inhibition of the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by gelatin zymography. Different concentrations of CH were evaluated: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0.5 mM, and 0.05 mM. EDTA (0.5 mM) was used as a positive control. The results demonstrated that CH and AA had an initial cytotoxic effect, which decreased after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, being statistically similar to EDTA (P > 0.05). Additionally, CH at concentrations of 50 mM, 5 mM, and 0.5 mM had an inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9, similar to that of the control with EDTA. The chelating agents had no cytotoxic effects after 24 h. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited by the experimental solutions.

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“…Penggunaan instrumen manual terutama rotary (digerakkan oleh mesin) pada tahap tersebut, akan menghasilkan smear layer yang menutupi dinding saluran akar gigi maupun tubuli dentin yang terbuka di sepanjang dinding saluran akar JITEKGI 2018, 14 (1) I gigi. 1,2,3 Keberadaan smear layer dalam saluran akar gigi akan menguntungkan adhesi dan kolonisasi mikroorganisme, menghalangi aksi larutan disinfektan serta menghambat medikamen dalam saluran akar gigi berpenetrasi ke tubuli dentin di dinding saluran akar gigi. Smear layer juga akan menghalangi adaptasi sealer (semen pelapis dinding saluran akar gigi) dan bahan pengisi saluran akar gigi ke lapisan dentin di dinding saluran akar gigi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…2,3,5,6 Bahan irigasi selanjutnya yang efektif dan paling umum digunakan untuk membersihkan komponen inorganik smear layer di saluran akar gigi tersebut adalah larutan Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) konsentrasi 17%. Larutan EDTA sebagai bahan irigasi dan khelasi merupakan suatu tiruan asam amino dengan pH 7 yang tidak memiliki efek anti bakteri 2,3,4 .Oleh karena itu, kombinasi bahan irigasi NaOCl dan EDTA, telah direkomendasikan penggunaannya untuk membersihkan smear layer secara menyeluruh. 3 Namun demikian, EDTA bersifat toksik terhadap jaringan periapikal dan dapat menyebabkan demineralisasi yang meluas pada dentin dinding saluran akar gigi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Potensi Larutan Chitosan 0,2% Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Irigasi Dalam Perawatan Saluran Akar Gigi

Deviyanti¹

2018

JITEKGI

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Irigasi dan instrumentasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam perawatan saluran akar gigi. Penggunaan instrumen manual dan instrumen yang digerakkan mesin, akan menghasilkan smear layer yang menutupi dinding saluran akar dan tubuli dentin yang terbuka.Pembersihkan debridement secara menyeluruh serta pembersihan smear layer merupakan landasan untuk mencapai keberhasilan perawatan saluran akar gigi. Irigasi dengan sodium hipoklorit (NaOCl) yang dikombinasi dengan bahan khelasi seperti Ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) telah direkomendasikan untuk pembersihan komponen organik dan komponen inorganik dari smear layer secara efektif. Namun, EDTA dapat bersifat erosif terhadap dentin, konsekuensinya mempengaruhi sifat kekerasan, permeabilitas dan pelarutan dentin di bagian dalam akar gigi. Penggunaan NaOCl tidak mampu membersihkan smear layer, karena hanya efektif terhadap debris organik. Oleh karena itu,dibutuhkan penelitian untuk mencari larutan irigasi yang lebih kompatibel, efesien membersihkan smear layer dan menyebabkan erosi dentin yang lebih rendah. Saat ini, chitosan telah diteliti di bidang kedokteran gigi.Chitosan adalah polisakarida alamiah, berasal dari deasetilasi chitin yang terdapat pada cangkang kepiting dan udang. Chitosan memiliki kemampuan khelasi, biokompatibel, biodegradasi, bioadhesi dan tidak toksik terhadap tubuh manusia. Hasil-hasil penelitian terbaru telah menyimpulkan bahwa irigasi akhir dengan larutan Chitosan 0,2% setelah irigasi dengan larutan NaOCl, lebih efesien dalam membersihkan smear layer dibanding bahan irigasi lainnya dan menyebabkan erosi lebih sedikit pada dentin akar gigi. Chitosan dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif bahan irigasi dalam perawatan saluran akar gigi karena memiliki kemampuan khelasi pada dentin saluran akar gigi.

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Comparative evaluation of smear layer removal by chitosan and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid when used as irrigant and its effect on root dentine: An in vitro atomic force microscopic and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of Chelating Potential of Chitosan Citrate and Chitosan Acetate on Intraradicular Dentin

Evaluation of Chelating Potential of Chitosan Citrate and Chitosan Acetate on Intraradicular Dentin

Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes

Potensi Larutan Chitosan 0,2% Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Irigasi Dalam Perawatan Saluran Akar Gigi

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