Comparative experimental investigations of the water-splitting reaction with iron oxide Fe1−yO and iron manganese oxides (Fe1−xMnx)1−yO

Ehrensberger, K.; Frei, A.; Kühn, Peter; Oswald, H. R.; Hug, P.

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(95)00019-3

Cited by 126 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although the feasibility of the iron oxide based cycle has been demonstrated [73,75], the thermodynamic requirements (operating temperature for the thermal reduction >1800 • C) in combination with the material properties (melting temperatures of FeO around 1400 • C [76]) prohibit the development of possible processing schemes. The use of mixed metal ferrites (with Mn, Ni, Zn) lowers the temperature of the activation step and avoids phase transformations [77][78][79][80]. In combination with a high-temperature stable zirconia support, a material is gained that can be re-used for several cycles without elaborate processing [53,81].…”

Section: Thermochemical Cycles Under Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Mul¹,

Schacht²,

Swaaij³

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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a b s t r a c tThis paper provides a perspective on the technologies capable of converting solar energy, CO 2 and H 2 O into an easy to use fuel. The paper addresses bio-based approaches, but mainly focuses on (i) the combination of photovoltaic (PV) devices and electrocatalysis, (ii) single unit operation by photocatalytic conversion, and (iii) solar thermal conversion. Each option is described in a general manner, including a brief evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. Also suggestions for future research endeavours are given. Based on the used literature data, for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic technologies, dramatic improvements should be made in material optimization, as well as reactor design and operation. Large efficiency gains are necessary to enable use of these technologies in practice. Solar thermal conversion is more mature, and requires specific optimization in processing, as will be discussed.

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Section: Thermochemical Cycles Under Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Mul¹,

Schacht²,

Swaaij³

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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“…Much of the early work on hematite photoelectrochemistry was done in the 1970-1980s; however, recently there have been a few promising reports [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Poor solar charge collection efficiency was attributed to low minority (hole) diffusion lengths [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Nanometer-Sized Ferric Oxide Materials in Colloidal Templates for Conversion of Light to Chemical Energy

Gardner

Kim

Searson

et al. 2011

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Colloidal crystal templates were prepared by gravitational sedimentation of 0.5 micron polystyrene particles onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the particles were close packed and examination of successive layers indicated a predominantly face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystal structure where the direction normal to the substrate surface corresponds to the (111) direction. Oxidation of aqueous ferrous solutions resulted in the electrodeposition of ferric oxide into the templates. Removal of the colloidal templates yielded ordered macroporous electrodes (OMEs) that were the inverse structure of the colloidal templates. Current integration during electrodeposition and cross-sectional SEM images revealed that the OMEs were about 2 μm thick. Comparative X-ray diffraction and infrared studies of the OMEs did not match a known phase of ferric oxide but suggested a mixture of goethite and hematite. The spectroscopic properties of the OMEs were insensitive to heat treatments at 300• C. The OMEs were utilized for photoassisted electrochemical oxidation. A sustained photocurrent was observed from visible light in aqueous photoelectrochemical cells. Analysis of photocurrent action spectra revealed an indirect band gap of 1.85 eV. Addition of formate to the aqueous electrolytes resulted in an approximate doubling of the photocurrent.

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“…Large steam flow rate at the H 2 -generation reaction improved the hydrogen yield in the two-step water splitting reaction with Ca 0.6-z Sr 0. 4 [26]. Performance of the solar reactor with perovskite-type Mn oxide as a reactive ceramics is expected to be increased for solar hydrogen production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%