Abstract:The first densovirus from a cricket, Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) (Parvoviridae), was isolated in Europe in 1977 and has been studied previously. We compared seven additional AdDNV genomes isolated from 4 other European outbreaks, 2 major North American outbreaks, and a Japanese outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the 2009 Japanese and North American outbreaks were not related.
“…Phylograms based on genome sequences and deduced proteins confirmed that AdDNV and PcDNV were closely related species within Ambidensovirus (Supplementary Fig. S1 and Supplementary Text S1 ) 43 , 49 – 57 . Figure 2 Genome coverage and annotations of AdDNV and PcDNV.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Two transcriptomes obtained from the 1000 Insect Transcriptome Evolution project (1KITE, www.1kite.org ) 42 were analyzed in this study: house cricket ( Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus), Orthoptera, Gryllidae) and citrus mealybug ( Planococcus citri (Risso), Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae). Previous studies suggest these insects often carry closely related viruses - Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) and Planococcus citri densovirus (PcDNV), respectively 43 , 44 . Densoviruses (family Parvoviridae ) are widely distributed among arthropods 19 , 45 with linear single-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 5,000-nucleotides, including two major gene cassettes encoding viral nonstructural (NS or Rep) and structural proteins (VP or CP) 43 , 45 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies suggest these insects often carry closely related viruses - Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) and Planococcus citri densovirus (PcDNV), respectively 43 , 44 . Densoviruses (family Parvoviridae ) are widely distributed among arthropods 19 , 45 with linear single-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 5,000-nucleotides, including two major gene cassettes encoding viral nonstructural (NS or Rep) and structural proteins (VP or CP) 43 , 45 . Densoviruses employ RNA AS to produce the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) endonuclease using a rolling-hairpin mechanism to regulate replication 46 , 47 .…”
RNA alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional mechanism enabling single genes to produce multiple proteins. It has been well demonstrated that viruses deploy host AS machinery for viral protein productions. However, knowledge on viral AS is limited to a few disease-causing viruses in model species. Here we report a novel approach to characterizing viral AS using whole transcriptome dataset from host species. Two insect transcriptomes (Acheta domesticus and Planococcus citri) generated in the 1,000 Insect Transcriptome Evolution (1KITE) project were used as a proof of concept using the new pipeline. Two closely related densoviruses (Acheta domesticus densovirus, AdDNV, and Planococcus citri densovirus, PcDNV, Ambidensovirus, Densovirinae, Parvoviridae) were detected and analyzed for AS patterns. The results suggested that although the two viruses shared major AS features, dramatic AS divergences were observed. Detailed analysis of the splicing junctions showed clusters of AS events occurred in two regions of the virus genome, demonstrating that transcriptome analysis could gain valuable insights into viral splicing. When applied to large-scale transcriptomics projects with diverse taxonomic sampling, our new method is expected to rapidly expand our knowledge on RNA splicing mechanisms for a wide range of viruses.
“…Phylograms based on genome sequences and deduced proteins confirmed that AdDNV and PcDNV were closely related species within Ambidensovirus (Supplementary Fig. S1 and Supplementary Text S1 ) 43 , 49 – 57 . Figure 2 Genome coverage and annotations of AdDNV and PcDNV.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…Two transcriptomes obtained from the 1000 Insect Transcriptome Evolution project (1KITE, www.1kite.org ) 42 were analyzed in this study: house cricket ( Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus), Orthoptera, Gryllidae) and citrus mealybug ( Planococcus citri (Risso), Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae). Previous studies suggest these insects often carry closely related viruses - Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) and Planococcus citri densovirus (PcDNV), respectively 43 , 44 . Densoviruses (family Parvoviridae ) are widely distributed among arthropods 19 , 45 with linear single-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 5,000-nucleotides, including two major gene cassettes encoding viral nonstructural (NS or Rep) and structural proteins (VP or CP) 43 , 45 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies suggest these insects often carry closely related viruses - Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) and Planococcus citri densovirus (PcDNV), respectively 43 , 44 . Densoviruses (family Parvoviridae ) are widely distributed among arthropods 19 , 45 with linear single-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 5,000-nucleotides, including two major gene cassettes encoding viral nonstructural (NS or Rep) and structural proteins (VP or CP) 43 , 45 . Densoviruses employ RNA AS to produce the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) endonuclease using a rolling-hairpin mechanism to regulate replication 46 , 47 .…”
RNA alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional mechanism enabling single genes to produce multiple proteins. It has been well demonstrated that viruses deploy host AS machinery for viral protein productions. However, knowledge on viral AS is limited to a few disease-causing viruses in model species. Here we report a novel approach to characterizing viral AS using whole transcriptome dataset from host species. Two insect transcriptomes (Acheta domesticus and Planococcus citri) generated in the 1,000 Insect Transcriptome Evolution (1KITE) project were used as a proof of concept using the new pipeline. Two closely related densoviruses (Acheta domesticus densovirus, AdDNV, and Planococcus citri densovirus, PcDNV, Ambidensovirus, Densovirinae, Parvoviridae) were detected and analyzed for AS patterns. The results suggested that although the two viruses shared major AS features, dramatic AS divergences were observed. Detailed analysis of the splicing junctions showed clusters of AS events occurred in two regions of the virus genome, demonstrating that transcriptome analysis could gain valuable insights into viral splicing. When applied to large-scale transcriptomics projects with diverse taxonomic sampling, our new method is expected to rapidly expand our knowledge on RNA splicing mechanisms for a wide range of viruses.
“…At the present time, the reported viruses consist of insect viruses but no human foodborne viruses have been identified in this specimen [81]. Today, the main virus affecting A. domesticus industry is Acheta domesticus densovirus, which is able to decimate commercial mass rearings in just a few days, leading to a fall in production and even extinction of local cricket populations [44,88,[108][109][110]. This virus was first isolated from diseased A. domesticus from a Swiss commercial mass rearing facility in 1977 [111].…”
Edible insects are expected to become an important nutrient source for animals and humans in the Western world in the near future. Only a few studies on viruses in edible insects with potential for industrial rearing have been published and concern only some edible insect species. Viral pathogens that can infect insects could be non-pathogenic, or pathogenic to the insects themselves, or to humans and animals. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the viruses detected in edible insects currently considered for use in food and/or feed in the European Union or appropriate for mass rearing, and to collect information on clinical symptoms in insects and on the vector role of insects themselves. Many different virus species have been detected in edible insect species showing promise for mass production systems. These viruses could be a risk for mass insect rearing systems causing acute high mortality, a drastic decline in growth in juvenile stages and in the reproductive performance of adults. Furthermore, some viruses could pose a risk to human and animal health where insects are used for food and feed.
“…The cricket industry has been devastated worldwide recently by the Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) ( 1 – 4 ). We also observed several, thus far unknown, viruses such as volvoviruses, which have circular, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes ( 5 ), and a new densovirus (parvovirus).…”
The genome structure of Acheta domesticus mini ambidensovirus, isolated from crickets, resembled that of ambisense densoviruses from Lepidoptera but was 20% smaller. It had the highest (<25%) protein sequence identity with the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of Iteravirus and VP of Densovirus members (both with 25% coverage) and smaller (0.2- versus 0.55-kb) Y-shaped inverted terminal repeats.
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