Comparative histopathology and antibody responses of non-Tritrichomonas foetus trichomonad and Tritrichomonas foetus genital infections in virgin heifers

Agnew, Dalen; Munson, Linda; Cobo, Eduardo R.; Olesen, Dorthe R.; Corbeil, Lynette B.; Bondurant, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.10.016

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In bulls, infections are usually chronic and asymptomatic (Mardones et al 2008) and spontaneous recoveries are rare (Levine, 1985). There is no legal treatment for bovine trichomoniasis in several countries and as a result infected bulls are often slaughtered (Cobo et al 2004, 2007; Agnew et al 2008). Infected cows will experience vaginitis which may or may not resolve spontaneously.…”

Section: The Life Cycles Of Histomonas Parahistomonas and Tritrichommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis is often complicated by the presence of non-pathogenic T. foetus -like organisms (namely, Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tetratrichomonas spp .) in the genito-urinary tract of cattle (Cobo et al 2004, 2007; Dufernez et al 2007; Agnew et al 2008; Huby-Chilton et al 2009). It is postulated that the presence of these non-pathogenic organisms is most likely due to sodomy practiced amongst young bulls (BonDurant et al 1999; Cobo et al 2003, 2004).…”

Section: The Life Cycles Of Histomonas Parahistomonas and Tritrichommentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

et al. 2011

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Dientamoeba fragilis is an inhabitant of the human bowel and is associated with gastrointestinal illness. Despite its discovery over a century ago, the details of Dientamoeba's life cycle are unclear and its mode of transmission is unknown. Several theories exist which attempt to explain how Dientamoeba may be transmitted. One theory suggests that animals are responsible for the transmission of Dientamoeba. However, reports of Dientamoeba in animals are sporadic and most are not supported by molecular evidence. Another theory suggests that Dientamoeba may be transmitted via the ova of a helminth. Given that the closest relative of Dientamoeba is transmitted via the ova of a helminth, this theory seems plausible. It has also been suggested that Dientamoeba could be transmitted directly between humans. This theory also seems plausible given that other relatives of Dientamoeba are transmitted in this way. Despite numerous investigations, Dientamoeba's mode of transmission remains unknown. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of theories relating to Dientamoeba's mode of transmission and, by doing so, indicates where gaps in current knowledge exist. Where information is lacking, suggestions are made as to how future research could improve our knowledge on the life cycle of Dientamoeba.

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Section: The Life Cycles Of Histomonas Parahistomonas and Tritrichommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Life Cycles Of Histomonas Parahistomonas and Tritrichommentioning

confidence: 99%

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

et al. 2011

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“…Natural cattle infections are intermittent and re-establishment of infection occurs only after periods natural clearance compared to the chronic nature of the disease in cats (Clark et al, 1983;Yaeger and Gookin, 2005). It has been proposed that host immune defence is a primary factor for the lengthy elapse time between bovine T. foetus infections (Agnew et al, 2008). Our results suggest that the rejuvenation of normal pH in the bovine reproductive tract between infections could be a factor accounting for elapse time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Host origin determines pH tolerance of Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from the feline gastrointestinal and bovine urogenital tracts

Morin-Adeline

Fraser

Stack

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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“…Their prominence in T. foetus infection in cattle has been noted in several studies. 1,5,16,18,46 Their tissue damaging granules can have bystander effects on local tissues and marked vascular effects that lead to edema, although a specific role of eosinophils in trichomoniasis has not been determined. 26 However, their vascular effects could well contribute to the transport of antibodies to the uterine and vaginal lumen, and provide some protection from infection and later clearance of trichomonads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pregnant Mouse Model for BovineTritrichomonas foetusInfection

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The economically important effects of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cattle are abortion and infertility, yet there has not been an animal model to examine the parasite-host interactions during gestation. In this study, 5-and 7-to 8-week-old BALB/cAnNCr, BALB/cJ, and SCID/NCr mice on a BALB/c background were intravaginally infected with T. foetus. All BALB/ cAnNCr and BALB/cJ mice, and 89% of SCID/NCr mice sustained infections for 13 weeks, if inoculated before 5 weeks of age. Infection rates were lower in all mouse strains inoculated at 7 weeks of age, although BALB/cAnNCr mice were significantly more susceptible than BALB/cJ or SCID/ NCr mice. Vaginal bacterial flora did not account for the variation in mouse-strain susceptibility, although coagulase-negative staphylococci in vaginal flora were associated with failure of T. foetus to infect. As with infected cattle, T. foetus-specific vaginal immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies were elevated after infection. The number and viability of day-10 fetuses were reduced in mice infected at 5 weeks of age and bred 12 weeks after infection. Lesions in pregnant and nonpregnant infected mice, including suppurative and eosinophilic vaginitis; cervicitis; endometritis with distension of the uterine lumen; endometrial ulceration; and glandular ectasia, with neutrophils in the glandular lumen and loss of gland epithelium, were similar to those in cattle. The decidua and placenta were multifocally necrotic. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated trichomonads in vaginal folds and uterine glands, and adjacent to fetal tissues. In summary, experimentally infected BALB/cAnNCr mice showed many pathologic similarities to cattle and may serve as a model to study host-trichomonad interactions.

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Comparative histopathology and antibody responses of non-Tritrichomonas foetus trichomonad and Tritrichomonas foetus genital infections in virgin heifers

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission

Host origin determines pH tolerance of Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from the feline gastrointestinal and bovine urogenital tracts

A Pregnant Mouse Model for BovineTritrichomonas foetusInfection

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