Comparative In Vitro Appraisal of Piperacillin, Including Its Activity Against
            <i>Salmonella typhi</i>

R, Robinson; Saunders, J; Cassel, R; Block, Colin; Koornhof, H. J.

doi:10.1128/aac.18.4.493

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

1980

DOI: 10.1128/aac.18.4.493

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Comparative In Vitro Appraisal of Piperacillin, Including Its Activity Against Salmonella typhi

Robinson R

J Saunders

R Cassel

et al.

Abstract: Piperacillin was evaluated in vitro against 711 clinical isolates of aerobic and anerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including 76 isolates of Salmonella typhi. Piperacillin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were compared with those of a range of B8-lactam, aminoglycoside, and other antimicrobial agents, and inoculum size effects were considered. The relationship between dilution and disk diffusion tests was studied by regression analysis. In … Show more

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Cited by 13 publications

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“…and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4,11). In addition, several investigators have demonstrated in vitro synergism between piperacillin and aminoglycosides against members of the Enterobacteriaceae (5,8,12), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2,8,13,17), and other nonfermentative, gramnegative bacteria (3).…”

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Early synergistic interaction between semisynthetic penicillins and aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols against Enterobacteriaceae

Glew¹,

Pavuk²

1983

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Time-kill curves were used to assess the relative in vitro efficacy of the early interaction of three semisynthetic penicillins with two aminoglycosides against 48 Enterobacteriaceae strains. The most efficacious combinations were piperacillin plus amikacin, which demonstrated synergism (>2 logs of increased kill after 7 h of incubation) against 43 of 48 (901%) strains, and piperacillin plus gentamicin, which exhibited synergism against 25 of 48 (52%) strains. With the combinations of carbenicillin or ticarcdillin plus amikacin or gentamicin, early synergistic killing was demonstrated against only 12 to 29% of the strains.Semisynthetic penicillins such as ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin have been used for several years in the therapy of severe gramnegative baciliary infections. Piperacillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin which has demonstrated greater in vitro activity than carbenicillin or ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the Enterobacteriaceae (1,5,13,15,16,19,20 Antibiotic synergism. The interaction between each of the three semisynthetic penicillins and each of the two aminoglycosides was evaluated by time-kill curves in Mueller-Hinton broth as described previously (6). A starting inoculum of 105 organisms per ml was prepared by appropriate dilution of an overnight broth culture. The concentrations of antibiotics in the flasks were selected to be at or below the MIC for each drug and within a clinically achievable range for each drug::125 pg/ml for each of the penicillins, s4 pg/ml for gentamicin, and <8 .g/ml for amikacin. The culture flasks (final volume, 20 ml) were incubated without agitation at 35°C, and 0.5-mi samples were removed at 0, 4, and 7 h for determination of colony counts with 10-fold serial dilutions. Early synergy is herein defined as a decrease of 100-fold or more in the number of 902 on May 11, 2018 by guest http://aac.asm.org/ Downloaded from

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early synergistic interaction between semisynthetic penicillins and aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols against Enterobacteriaceae

Glew¹,

Pavuk²

1983

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Enterococci. Biologic and epidemiologic characteristics and in vitro susceptibility

Kaye¹

1982

Archives of Internal Medicine

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Enterococci cause urinary tract infection (usually asymptomatic), 5% to 15% of cases of endocarditis, and rare cases of meningitis. Their role in polymicrobial infection in the abdomen and pelvis is difficult to assess. Ninety percent of enterococci are inhibited by 4 mg/L of penicillin G, by 2 mg/L of ampicillin, and by 6 mg/L of vancomycin. The penicillinase-resistant penicillins, cephalosporins, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin are at least fourfold less active against enterococci than penicillin G, whereas piperacillin has activity equivalent to penicillin G. The addition of an aminoglycoside to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin or piperacillin--which are not bactericidal against most strains of enterococci--results in more rapid and complete bacterial activity (ie, synergistic activity).

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Piperacillin Sodium: Antibacterial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Efficacy, and Adverse Reactions

1982

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Piperacillin sodium is a beta lactam antibiotic with a broad range of antibacterial activity that includes gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase-producing S. aureus) and anaerobic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides fragilis. Piperacillin inhibits many of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas, at lower concentrations than required for carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Piperacillin sodium is administered by intramuscular and intravenous injection and is widely distributed throughout body fluids and tissues. Like other newer penicillins, piperacillin is excreted by both renal and biliary mechanisms. The primary route of elimination is by glomerular filtration, which results in high urinary concentrations of the unchanged compound. Piperacillin has been approved for patients with serious infection caused by susceptible strains of specific organisms in intra-abdominal, urinary tract, gynecologic, lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and gonococcal infections and septicemia. As with other penicillins, piperacillin has a low frequency of toxicity. The usual dose of piperacillin in adults with serious infections with normal renal function is 3-4 g every 4-6 hr as a 20-30 min infusion, with a maximum dose of 24 g per day. It is stable in most large volume parenteral solutions. Less serious infectins (requiring smaller dosages) may be treated by intramuscular injection; however, no more than 2 g should be given at any one injection site. Overall, piperacillin has a greater degree of activity than other penicillins. Evidence from prospective studies indicates that piperacillin is a highly effective agent for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible organisms.

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Comparative In Vitro Appraisal of Piperacillin, Including Its Activity Against Salmonella typhi

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Early synergistic interaction between semisynthetic penicillins and aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols against Enterobacteriaceae

Early synergistic interaction between semisynthetic penicillins and aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols against Enterobacteriaceae

Enterococci. Biologic and epidemiologic characteristics and in vitro susceptibility

Piperacillin Sodium: Antibacterial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Efficacy, and Adverse Reactions

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