Comparative in vitro bactericidal activity of cefonicid, ceftizoxime, and penicillin against group B streptococci

Bayer, A S; Morrison, Joan O.; Kim, K S

doi:10.1128/aac.21.2.344

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Based on the MIC 90 , penicillin G may be preferred to ampicillin for the treatment of GBS infection. The activities of cefotaxime and meropenem also were excellent and comparable to those reported for other expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems (7,13). Although cefotaxime and meropenem are potential alternatives for the empiric treatment of neonates and young infants with suspected meningitis, once GBS has been identified as the causative agent, penicillin G is preferred because of its demonstrated safety and efficacy, narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and lower cost.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Group B Streptococci Isolated between 1992 and 1996 from Patients with Bacteremia or Meningitis

Fernández

Hickman

Baker

1998

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

112

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In vitro testing of 229 group B streptococcal isolates from a variety of patients with invasive infections indicated uniform penicillin G susceptibility. However, 17 (7.4%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 8 (3.4%) were resistant to clindamycin. These results support the continued use of penicillin G as the drug of choice for the treatment and prevention of group B streptococcal disease.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Group B Streptococci Isolated between 1992 and 1996 from Patients with Bacteremia or Meningitis

Fernández

Hickman

Baker

1998

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

112

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“…CZ, a new third-generation cephalos porin, appeared to be a candidate agent for in vivo evaluation against GBS for several reasons including: excellent in vit ro activity against GBS [9]: pharmacologic properties of long half-life and high serum achievable levels [18,31]; and ability to penetrate inflamed meninges [Dr. Don Parks, personal commun.]. However, the in vivo bactericidal efficacy of CZ seen in the current study of IE was quite disap pointing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…We have previously shown that ceftizoxime (CZ) possesses considerable in vit ro bactericidal activity against GBS [9]. The current study was designed to evalu ate the in vivo bactericidal efficacy of this compound (versus penicillin G) in an experimental model of bacteremic GBS infection, aortic valve endocarditis in rab bits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penicillin G (PNC) has been the most frequently used agent for infections due to group B streptococci (GBS) [1,4,8,9,25] because of low minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs, MBCs) reported in most studies [6,9], I lowever, investigators have been prompt ed to examine nonpenicillin regimens for in vitro inhibitory and bactericidal effica cy for several reasons: (I) high morbidity and mortality rates of GBS infections, es pecially in neonates [5]; (2) increasing re ports of relapse or recurrence of GBS in fection despite penicillin therapy [1 1, 13, 27]; (3) reports of GBS strains relatively resistant or tolerant to the killing action of penicillin [2,21,30], and (4) limited data on alternative (nonpenicillin) bactericidal agents for GBS, especially for patients who are penicillin allergic or who develop penicillin end-organ toxicity (e.g. neph ropathy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Group B Streptococcal Endocarditis Treated with Penicillin G versus Ceftizoxime

Bayer¹,

Morrison²,

Kim³

1983

Chemotherapy

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Aortic valve endocarditis due to a penicillin G (PNC) and ceftizoxime (CZ)-sensitive group B streptococcus (GBS) was induced in 72 rabbits. Animals received either procaine PNC (300 mg/kg per day) or CZ (150 mg/kg/day) for 3, 6, or 9 days. PNC rapidly sterilized blood cultures (≤3 days) and significantly reduced vegetation GBS titers versus controls at all three sacrifice times (p < 0.0005). In contrast, CZ exerted a slow in vivo bactericidal effect with vegetation titers not significantly different from controls until day 9 of therapy. By day 9 of therapy, 65/89 (73%) of vegetations were sterilized by PNC versus only 24/94 (26%) sterilized by CZ (p < 0.0005). This marked in vitro-in vivo disparity in CZ-treated animals occurred despite 100% of individual serum bactericidal titers ≥ 1:32 and 100% of individual CZ serum levels ≥ 100 times the GBS MBC. The suboptimal CZ in vivo effect was not related to: (1) development of CZ resistance on therapy; (2) CZ inactivation, or (3) inoculum-growth phase effect.

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Ceftizoxime: A Beta‐Lactamase‐Stable, Broad‐Spectrum Cephalosporin

Neu

1984

Pharmacotherapy

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Ceftizoxime is an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that inhibits a wide variety of aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The majority of Enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml as are streptococcal species with the exception of Streptococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus aureus are inhibited by 3-8 micrograms/ml, while methicillin-resistant. aureus are resistant. Bacteroides fragilis are inhibited by 16-64 micrograms/ml. It inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa at usually achievable concentrations. Ceftizoxime is overall similar in antibacterial activity to cefotaxime and moxalactam. Ceftizoxime is not hydrolyzed by common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases. Serum levels of ceftizoxime after intramuscular and intravenous injection are similar to those of cefotaxime and moxalactam. The half-life is 1.6 to 1.9 hours in normal individuals. The compound is not metabolized and is cleared from the body by glomerular filtration. Ceftizoxime enters most body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, to produce therapeutic concentrations against clinically important bacteria. Ceftizoxime accumulates in the presence of renal failure, but it is removed from the body by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Ceftizoxime has proved to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent when used as treatment for pneumonia, urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, meningitis, peritonitis, gonorrhea, including penicillinase-producing isolates, and gynecological infections. No major adverse reactions have been associated with the use of ceftizoxime and it has produced neither disulfram -like reactions nor bleeding.

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Comparative in vitro bactericidal activity of cefonicid, ceftizoxime, and penicillin against group B streptococci

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Group B Streptococci Isolated between 1992 and 1996 from Patients with Bacteremia or Meningitis

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Group B Streptococci Isolated between 1992 and 1996 from Patients with Bacteremia or Meningitis

Experimental Group B Streptococcal Endocarditis Treated with Penicillin G versus Ceftizoxime

Ceftizoxime: A Beta‐Lactamase‐Stable, Broad‐Spectrum Cephalosporin

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