Comparative infectiousness of three passerine bird species after experimental inoculation with<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>

Dhondt, André A.; Dhondt, Keila V.; McCleery, Brynn

doi:10.1080/03079450802499100

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…M. gallisepticum isolated from house finches can be transmitted from infected sparrows to finches up to 3 d.p.i. (Dhondt et al, 2008). Other studies showed that M. gallisepticum from house finches caused seroconversion in sparrows (by SPA) but it could not be cultured (Farmer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also experimental infections described in the literature using a virulent laboratory strain of M. gallisepticum (Kleven & Fletcher, 1983) or a house finch strain of M. gallisepticum (Farmer et al, 2005;Dhondt et al, 2008), with the latter described as mildly pathogenic to chickens (O'Connor et al, 1999). M. gallisepticum strains vary in virulence and infectivity as well as in their ability to persist in respiratory tissues (Ley, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild birds may also play a role in M. gallisepticum transmission. In recent years, certain strains of M. gallisepticum have caused disease in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) and infected similar songbirds in the United States (Ley et al, 1996;Luttrell et al, 1996Luttrell et al, , 2001Mikaelian et al, 2001;Farmer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sparrows had no haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres and were considered temporary biological carriers (Kleven & Fletcher, 1983). Farmer et al (2005) reported that sparrows infected with a house finch isolate of M. gallisepticum seroconverted by serum plate agglutination (SPA) test but M. gallisepticum could not be cultured. In a different study with a house finch M. gallisepticum isolate, sparrows remained infectious to house finches for 3 days (Dhondt et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farmer et al (2005) reported that sparrows infected with a house finch isolate of M. gallisepticum seroconverted by serum plate agglutination (SPA) test but M. gallisepticum could not be cultured. In a different study with a house finch M. gallisepticum isolate, sparrows remained infectious to house finches for 3 days (Dhondt et al, 2008). Other reports have indicated that house sparrows may only serve as mechanical vectors (Stallknecht et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoplasma gallisepticumexperimental infection and tissue distribution in chickens, sparrows and pigeons

Gharaibeh

Hailat

2011

Avian Pathology

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The most effective approaches to control the spread of Mycoplasma gallisepticum include strict biosecurity measures, continuous surveillance and eradication of infected flocks. The rapid expansion of the poultry industry worldwide in restricted geographical areas and severe economic losses due to M. gallisepticum outbreaks make it crucial to identify and better control the vectors responsible for the transmission of the disease. In the present study we evaluated the susceptibility of sparrows and pigeons to M. gallisepticum and the tissue distribution of M. gallisepticum in these species as compared with chickens. This information will further define the role of these common avian species in M. gallisepticum transmission. Twenty-six chickens, pigeons, and sparrows were experimentally inoculated with a field strain of M. gallisepticum and were monitored for the development of clinical signs, seroconversion, productive infection by culture, and M. gallisepticum distribution in their tissues by immunohistochemistry. All M. gallisepticum-inoculated chickens showed mild respiratory signs, seroconverted (haemagglutination inhibition geometric mean titre 0494) and shed M. gallisepticum in their tracheas. M. gallisepticum antigens were observed at high levels by immunohistochemistry in their tracheas, conjunctivas, nasal turbinates, and air sacs. The pigeons and sparrows did not show clinical signs or seroconvert but M. gallisepticum was reisolated up to 7 days post inoculation from pigeons and intermittently from sparrows. M. gallisepticum antigens were observed at low level in the conjunctiva of some pigeons and sparrows, as well as in the trachea of some sparrows. We conclude that pigeons and sparrows are partially susceptible to M. gallisepticum infection but do not seroconvert or maintain a steady carrier state similar to chickens and that these species may play a role in M. gallisepticum transmission between poultry farms as mechanical vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoplasma gallisepticumexperimental infection and tissue distribution in chickens, sparrows and pigeons

Gharaibeh

Hailat

2011

Avian Pathology

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Mycoplasmosis

Chin

2013

Diseases of Poultry

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Let's stick together: Infection enhances preferences for social grouping in a songbird species

Langager,

Adelman,

Hawley

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Acute infections can alter foraging and movement behaviors relevant to sociality and pathogen spread. However, few studies have directly examined how acute infections caused by directly transmitted pathogens influence host social preferences. While infected hosts often express sickness behaviors (e.g., lethargy) that can reduce social associations with conspecifics, enhanced sociality during infection might be favored in some systems if social grouping improves host survival of infection. Directly assaying social preferences of infected hosts is needed to elucidate potential changes in social preferences that may act as a form of behavioral tolerance (defined as using behavior to minimize fitness costs of infection). We tested how infection alters sociality in juvenile house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), which are both highly gregarious and particularly susceptible to infection by the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). We inoculated 33 wild‐caught but captive‐held juvenile house finches with MG or media (sham control). At peak infection, birds were given a choice assay to assess preference for associating near a flock versus an empty cage. We then repeated this assay after all birds had recovered from infection. Infected birds were significantly more likely than controls to spend time associating with, and specifically foraging near, the flock. However, after infected birds had recovered from MG infection, there were no significant differences in the amount of time birds in each treatment spent with the flock. These results indicate augmented social preferences during active infection, potentially as a form of behavioral tolerance. Notably, infected birds showed strong social preferences regardless of variation in disease severity or pathogen loads, with 14/19 harboring high loads (5–6 log10 copies of MG) at the time of the assay. Overall, our results show that infection with a directly transmitted pathogen can augment social preferences, with important implications for MG spread in natural populations.

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Comparative infectiousness of three passerine bird species after experimental inoculation withMycoplasma gallisepticum

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Mycoplasma gallisepticumexperimental infection and tissue distribution in chickens, sparrows and pigeons

Mycoplasma gallisepticumexperimental infection and tissue distribution in chickens, sparrows and pigeons

Mycoplasmosis

Let's stick together: Infection enhances preferences for social grouping in a songbird species

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