Comparative measurements of microbial activity in drinking water biofilters

Fonseca, A. Cristina; Summers, R. Scott; Hernandez, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00104-x

Cited by 92 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, we aimed at assessing the minimum INT concentration at which the reaction became saturated, thus minimizing potential toxicity in microbial plankton samples. Most published in vivo INT assays use concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1 mM (Kim et al 1994;Posch et al 1997;Fonseca et al 2001;Hatzinger et al 2003). However, as far as we know, the optimal INT concentration had never been tested for microbial plankton communities.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo electron transport system activity: a method to estimate respiration in natural marine microbial planktonic communities

Martínez‐García

Fernández

Aranguren-Gassis

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

108

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Oxygen consumption during in vitro dark bottle incubations is the most common method to estimate planktonic respiration. This method is time consuming and labor instensive and, consequently, the database of planktonic respiration rates is scarce. Electron Transport System (ETS) activity measurement has gained acceptance as a routine technique to estimate respiration due to its high sensitivity. However, the in vitro ETS assay commonly used yields potential rates. Hence, the empirically determined ratio between in situ respiration and potential ETS activity is not constant, varying over two orders of magnitude, highly limiting the routine application of this technique to estimate microbial respiration. We hypothesized that in vivo ETS activity should be a reliable estimator of in situ respiration in marine plankton communities. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to estimate in vivo ETS activity rates by using tetrazolium salt 2‐para (iodo‐phenyl)‐3(nitrophenyl)‐5(phenyl)tetrazolium chloride (INT) as electron acceptor. We established a procedure to apply the in vivo INT reduction method to natural marine microplankton samples. Optimum incubation times were found to be lower than 2–6 h, even for oligotrophic waters. The method was tested in natural waters, covering a very wide range of respiration rates and trophic conditions. A significant linear relationship was found between in situ respiration and in vivo INT reduction. Moreover, the ratio between oxygen consumption and INT reduction was constant across contrasting environments, which reveals the INT reduction method as a simple, quick, sensitive, and robust technique suitable to substantially improve the microbial plankton respiration database.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo electron transport system activity: a method to estimate respiration in natural marine microbial planktonic communities

Martínez‐García

Fernández

Aranguren-Gassis

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

108

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“…They represent a large and diverse pool of species and exhibit a vast array of metabolic functions. Some of them are key players in biogeochemical processes (Cotner and Biddanda 2002;Falkowski et al 2008), participate in controlling water quality (Fonseca et al 2001;Yu et al 2009) and are responsible for the degradation of organic pollutants released in the environment (Männistö et al 2001;Chinalia and Killham 2006;Slater et al 2008). In the current context of global change, detailed knowledge about the microbial diversity, specific functions and ecology of micro-organisms that inhabit water columns, sediments and microbial biomats is needed (Duffy and Stachowicz 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity in waters, sediments and microbial mats evaluated using fatty acid-based methods

Mrozik

Nowak

Piotrowska‐Seget

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The review summarises recent advances towards a greater comprehensive assessment of microbial diversity in aquatic environments using the fatty acid methyl esters and phospholipid fatty acids approaches. These methods are commonly used in microbial ecology because they do not require the culturing of micro-organisms, are quantitative and reproducible and provide valuable information regarding the structure of entire microbial communities. Because some fatty acids are associated with taxonomic and functional groups of micro-organisms, they allow particular groups of micro-organisms to be distinguished. The integration of fatty acid-based methods with stable isotopes, RNA and DNA analyses enhances our knowledge of the role of micro-organisms in global nutrient cycles, functional activity and phylogenetic lineages within microbial communities. Additionally, the analysis of fatty acid profiles enables the shifts in the microbial diversity in pristine and contaminated environments to be monitored. The main objective of this review is to present the use of lipid-based approaches for the characterisation of microbial communities in water columns, sediments and biomats.

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“…ETS is measured by saturating the mitochondrial and the microsomal ETS with their natural substrates, NADH and succinate, for the mitochondrial ETS, and NADPH, for the microsomal ETS (Borgmann, 1977) and then detecting the resulting electron flux along the ETS via the electron acceptor, INT (2-p-iodophenyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-5-phenyl-tetrazolium chloride). Of the many tetrazolium salts, the ETS assay here employs INT because of its sensitivity to dehydrogenase activity (Fonseca et al, 2001). ETS activity is calculated in moles of electrons (μmol e −1 h −1 DM −1 ), but then converted stoichiometrically into volumetric oxygen units (μlO 2 h −1 DM −1 ) and reported as potential respiration.…”

Section: Ets Activity and Potential Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential respiration is a better respiratory predictor than biomass in young Artemia salina

Martínez

Packard

2010

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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These experiments test whether respiration can be predicted better from biomass or from potential respiration, a measurement of the mitochondrial and microsomal respiratory electron transport systems. For nearly a century Kleiber's law or a similar precursor have argued the importance of biomass in predicting respiration. In the last decade, a version of the Metabolic Theory of Ecology has elaborated on Kleiber's Law adding emphasis to the importance of biomass in predicting respiration. We argue that Kleiber's law works because biomass packages mitochondria and microsomal electron transport complexes. On a scale of five orders of magnitude we have shown previously that potential respiration predicts respiration as well as biomass in marine zooplankton. Here, using cultures of the branchiopod, Artemia salina and on a scale of less than 2 orders of magnitude, we investigated the power of biomass and potential respiration in predicting respiration. We measured biomass, respiration and potential respiration in Artemia grown in different ways and found that potential respiration (Ф) could predict respiration (R), both in µlO 2 h −1 (R =0.924Φ +0.062, r 2 = 0.976), but biomass (as mg dry mass) could not (R = 27.02DM + 8.857, r 2 = 0.128). Furthermore the R/Ф ratio appeared independent of age and differences in the food source.

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Comparative measurements of microbial activity in drinking water biofilters

Cited by 92 publications

References 14 publications

In vivo electron transport system activity: a method to estimate respiration in natural marine microbial planktonic communities

In vivo electron transport system activity: a method to estimate respiration in natural marine microbial planktonic communities

Microbial diversity in waters, sediments and microbial mats evaluated using fatty acid-based methods

Potential respiration is a better respiratory predictor than biomass in young Artemia salina

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