Comparative morphological and crystallographic analysis of copper powders obtained under different electrolysis conditions

Nikolić, Nebojša D.; Avramović, Ljiljana; Ivanović, Evica R.; Maksimović, Vesna; Baščarević, Zvezdana; Ignjatović, Nenad

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(19)65034-x

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The amount of generated hydrogen at 625 mV corresponded to an average current efficiency of hydrogen evolution (η I,av (H 2 )) of 2.0 %. 24 No further difference in the surface morphology of Cu was obtained with a further increase of passed amount of the electricity (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Overpotential controls a morphology of electrolytically produced copper dendritic forms

et al. 2019

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The morphologies of copper dendritic forms obtained in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes of electrolysis with various amounts of the electricity were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Irrespective of amount of passed electricity, 3D (three dimensional) pine-like dendrites with sharp tips were formed in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis. On the other hand, the amount of passed electricity had a strong effect on the shape of the 3D pine-like dendrites formed in the galvanostatic regime of electrolysis. Dendrites with sharp tips were formed with smaller amount of passed electricity, while dendrites with globular tips were formed with larger amounts. The change in the shape of the galvanostatically synthesized 3D pine-like dendrites was explained by comparison with copper deposits obtained potentiostatically at overpotentials that corresponded to the final overpotentials during galvanostatic regime of electrolysis for the analyzed amounts of electricity. Based on the similarity of the obtained morphologies at the macro level, it was concluded that the overpotential plays a crucial role in the formation of the electrolytically synthesized dendrites and that the controlled conditions of electrolysis could represent a suitable way for a synthesis of spherical Cu particles by electrolysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Overpotential controls a morphology of electrolytically produced copper dendritic forms

et al. 2019

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“…This value is estimated to be about 10.0 % [30]. The values obtained at overpotentials of 625 and 1000 mV were 2.0 and 46.8 %, respectively [31], indicating that the value obtained at the overpotential inside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density was below, while the value obtained at the overpotential outside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density was above the critical value for the change of hydrodynamic conditions in the near-electrode layer.…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In spite of very different macrostructure of the formed disperse forms (dendrites or cauliflowerlike forms), Cu crystallites were random oriented in the both types of particles [31]. This random orientation can be attributed to the similar micro structure, i.e.…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 91%

“…11d) really indicates the lower degree of the diffusion control at an overpotential of 1000 mV than at 625 mV. (a) the carrot-like forms ( = 210 mV) [28], (b) globules ( = 210 mV) [28], (c) the cauliflower-like forms ( = 550 mV) [31], (d) the 3D pine-like dendrites ( = 625 mV) [31], (e) the mixture of the 3D pine-like dendrites, holes and cauliflower-like agglomerates of Cu grains ( = 625 mV) [31], (f) the honeycomb-like structure ( = 1000 mV) [31], g) the cauliflower-like particles obtained in the conditions of vigorous hydrogen evolution ( = 1000 mV) [31].…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms - Review

Nikolić¹

2020

J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng.

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In this study, comprehensive survey of formation of disperse forms by the electrolysis from aqueous electrolytes and molten salt electrolysis has been presented. The shape of electrolitically formed disperse forms primarily depends on the nature of metals, determined by the exchange current density (j0) and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction as a parallel reaction to metal electrolysis. The decrease of the j0 value leads to a change of shape of dendrites from the needle-like and the 2D fern-like dendrites (metals characterized by high j0 values) to the 3D pine-like dendrites (metals characterized by medium j0 values). The appearing of a strong hydrogen evolution leads to formation of cauliflower-like and spongy-like forms (metals characterized by medium and low j0 values). The other disperse forms, such as regular and irregular crystals, granules, cobweb-like, filaments, mossy and boulders, usually feature metals characterized by the high j0 values. The globules and the carrot-like forms are a characteristic of metals with the medium j0 values. The very long needles were a product of molten salt electrolysis of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. Depending on the shape of the disperse forms, i.e. whether they are formed without and with vigorous hydrogen evolution, formation of all disperse forms can be explained by either application of the general theory of disperse deposits formation or the concept of "effective overpotential". With the decrease of j0 value, the preferred orientation of the disperse forms changed from the strong (111) in the needle-like and the fern-like dendrites to randomly oriented crystallites in the 3D pine-like dendrites and the cauliflower-like and the spongy-like forms.

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“…The 3D pine-like dendrites built from stalk and branches like a corncob with sharp tips were obtained at the overpotential inside the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density (η = 625 mV; Figure 10a-c) [38]. The cauliflower-like particles are produced at an overpotential outside the plateau (η = 925 mV; Figure 10d).…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Morphology and Crystal Structure of Metal Powders Produced by Electrolysis Processes

Nikolić

Maksimović

Avramović

2021

Metals

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In this review paper, morphologies of metal powders produced by the constant (potentiostatic and galvanostatic) regimes of electrolysis from aqueous electrolytes are correlated with their crystal structure at the semiquantitative level. The main parameters affecting the shape of powder particles are the exchange current density (rate of electrochemical process) and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction. Depending on them, various shapes of dendrites (the needles, the two-dimensional (2D) fern-like, and the three-dimensional (3D) pine-like dendrites), and the particles formed under vigorous hydrogen evolution (cauliflower-like and spongy-like particles) are produced by these regimes of electrolysis. By decreasing the exchange current density value, the crystal structure of the powder particles is changed from the strong (111) preferred orientation obtained for the needle-like (silver) and the 2D (lead) dendrites to the randomly orientated crystallites in particles with the spherical morphology (the 3D dendrites and the cauliflower-like and the spongy-like particles). The formation of metal powders by molten salt electrolysis and by electrolysis in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and the crystallographic aspects of dendritic growth are also mentioned in this review.

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Comparative morphological and crystallographic analysis of copper powders obtained under different electrolysis conditions

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Overpotential controls a morphology of electrolytically produced copper dendritic forms

Overpotential controls a morphology of electrolytically produced copper dendritic forms

Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms - Review

Correlation of Morphology and Crystal Structure of Metal Powders Produced by Electrolysis Processes

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