Comparative Mutagenicity of Myleran and Cyclophosphamide

Heddle, John A.; Bora, Kiran; Stoltz, D.R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3409-5_30

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The mutagenic potential of CP has been clearly demonstrated in mice, rats and hamsters (Goetz et al, 1975). It has been reported to be a human carcinogen as well as a germ cell mutagen (Heddle et al, 1981). Besides chromosome aberration, CP also induces sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), micronuclei (MN) and gene mutations both in vivo and in vitro test systems (Anderson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Immu‐21) against cyclophosphamide‐induced mutagenicity in mice

Jena

Nemmani

Kaul

et al. 2003

Phytotherapy Research

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The object was to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal formulation, Immu-21, against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) in mice. CP alone (40 mg/kg, i.p.) produced classical as well as non-classical chromosomal aberrations in mice, and the incidence of CA was significantly more in the CP treated group when compared with that of the control group. Immu-21, which contains extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis and Tinospora cordifolia, was given at 100 mg/kg, daily, over 7 days, and 30 mg/kg daily over 14 days and inhibited both CP-induced classical and non-classical chromosomal aberrations ( approximately 40%-60% of control). A significant increase in MN was also observed in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice treated with CP, and pretreatment with Immu-21 also significantly reduced these. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by estimating the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs). The present results indicate that chronic treatment with Immu-21 prevented CP-induced genotoxicity in mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Immu‐21) against cyclophosphamide‐induced mutagenicity in mice

Jena

Nemmani

Kaul

et al. 2003

Phytotherapy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combination therapies with CP were much more efficient with regard to genotoxicity than those without CP [Singh and D'Ambrosio, 1984;Branda et al, 1991;Tates et al, 19941. CP is a strong mutagen and has been shown to induce clear effects in a variety of genotoxicity tests in vitro and in vivo [Heddle et al, 1981;IARC, 19811. In in-vivo tests with mammals, mutagenic effects were found not only in somatic cells but also in germ cells of experimental animals [Ehling and Neuhauser-Klaus, 19881.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA‐damaging effect of cyclophosphamide on human blood cells in vivo and in vitro studied with the single‐cell gel test (comet assay)

Hartmann

Herkommer

Glück

et al. 1995

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The single-cell gel (SCG) test was used to study the induction and persistence of DNA damage by cyclophosphamide (CP) in human blood cells after treatment in vitro and in vivo. S9-mix-activated CP (from 0.1 mM upward) induced DNA effects in a concentration-dependent manner in the in-vitro SCG test. Blood cells from various donors showed considerable intra- and interindividual variability. Incubation of CP-treated blood samples at 37 degrees C caused a rapid decrease in DNA effects, but DNA migration was still significantly increased 1 hr after the end of the CP treatment. Comparative studies with the in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test were performed that demonstrated that much lower CP concentrations (about 100 times) were required for a significant induction of SCEs. A group of 11 patients who suffered from vasculitis/collagen disease and were treated with low CP doses (50-200 mg/day) exhibited an elevated level of DNA damage in the SCG test with peripheral blood cells, compared with a group of 11 control persons or 5 patients without chemotherapy. Increases in DNA damage were variable and not clearly related to the CP dose. SCE tests could successfully be performed with 5 out of the 11 CP-treated patients; all showed significantly increased SCE frequencies. For six patients no result could be obtained with the SCE test due to a failure of lymphocyte proliferation. Three multiple sclerosis patients who received high doses of CP were investigated with the SCG test before, during, and after the treatment. The results indicate that CP-induced DNA effects that are detectable with the SCG test persist in vivo for a period of several days, but for less than 2 weeks. The results of our study provide information with regard to the use of the SCG test in human monitoring. The advantages and limitations of the test are discussed.

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Modification of clastogenicity of three known clastogens by garlic extract in mice in vivo

Das

Roychoudhury

Sharma

et al. 1993

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The anticlastogenic activity of crude extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied in bone marrow cells of mice. Male laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice were given one of three concentrations of the freshly prepared extract (100 mg, 50 mg, and 25 mg/kg body weight) as a dietary supplement by gavage for 6 consecutive days. On the seventh day the mice were administered a single acute dose of two known clastogens, mitomycin C(1.5 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg) or sodium arsenite (2.5 mg/kg), simultaneously with garlic extract. After 24 hr, chromosome preparations were made from the bone marrow cells. The endpoint studied were chromosomal aberrations and damaged cells. Garlic extract alone induced a low level of chromosomal damage. The clastogenicity of all three mutagens were reduced significantly in the animals which had been given garlic extract as dietary supplement. The extent of reduction was different for the three clastogens and may be attributed to the interaction with the different components of the extract.

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Comparative Mutagenicity of Myleran and Cyclophosphamide

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Protective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Immu‐21) against cyclophosphamide‐induced mutagenicity in mice

Protective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Immu‐21) against cyclophosphamide‐induced mutagenicity in mice

DNA‐damaging effect of cyclophosphamide on human blood cells in vivo and in vitro studied with the single‐cell gel test (comet assay)

Modification of clastogenicity of three known clastogens by garlic extract in mice in vivo

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