Comparative Performance of a Novel Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Targeted Chain Oligopeptide, Peptide 55

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein G (gG2) has been used as the basis of many serological assays for the detection of HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-specific antibodies. In the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the Pathozyme Viro HSV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA (Omega Diagnostics, Alva, United Kingdom), based on an immunodominant epitope of gG2 presented in a branched-chain format (peptide 55), was compared with two commercially available gG2-specific assays, the Bioelisa HSV-2 IgG assay (Biokit, S.A., Barcelona, Spain) and the HerpesSelect HSV-2 IgG assay (Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA). A panel of 218 well-characterized serum samples was tested. Thirty-one samples were determined to be HSV-2 IgG antibody positive and 164 samples were determined to be negative with all three kits. The levels of concordance between the tests were 95.9% between the Omega and HerpeSelect assays, 90.8% between the Omega and Bioelisa assays, and 94.5% between the HerpeSelect and Bioelisa assays. Twenty-three samples gave discordant results. Western blot results showed that of these, the results for 77% were correctly identified by the Omega assay, the results for 68% were correctly identified by the HerpeSelect assay, and the results for 13.6% were correctly identified by the Bioelisa assay. Although there was a high level of agreement between the results obtained by the three assays and no false-positive results were detected by any of the three kits, confirmation of the results for samples with discordant results by Western blotting suggested that the peptide 55-based Omega assay is the most sensitive and specific assay among the assays evaluated.Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Historically, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has predominantly been associated with genital infections; however, recent reports suggest that a considerable and increasing number of genital isolates are of HSV-1 (10, 24). The clinical course of primary genital herpes infections among patients infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2 are similar; however, there are differences in epidemiology and natural history of the diseases caused by the two viral subtypes (9). HSV-2 primary infection during pregnancy has been related to spontaneous abortion, prematurity, congenital infection, and neonatal herpes. Several recent studies have reported that genital herpes may increase the susceptibility of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus by persons with high-risk behavior, because HSV-2 can cause breaks in the genital mucosal barrier (16).HSV-1 and HSV-2 have approximately 83% nucleotide sequence similarity, and for some proteins they share more than 85% identity (4). Both serotypes therefore show extensive serological cross-reactivity. This has impeded seroepidemiologic studies of the two viruses. The major antigenic determinants are glycoprotein antigens exposed on the virion surface (22), and although HSV-1 and HSV-2 are known to express more than 11 glycoproteins, 10 of these glycoproteins expr...

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