Comparative performance of different urea coating materials for slow release

Ibrahim, Khairul Ridzwan Mohd; Babadi, Farahnaz Eghbali; Yunus, Robiah

doi:10.1016/j.partic.2014.03.009

Cited by 79 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The use of controlled-release fertilizers can increase their efficiency. Synthetic polymers have been employed as coating materials in various processes for the production of controlled-release fertilizers: (1) a polymer is dissolved in organic solvent and taken as the coating material [1][2][3]; (2) the coating material consists of multiple components that form polymer films with different thermosettings, such as a polyurethane (PU) film and an alkyd resin film [4][5][6]; and (3) polymer latex with water as the continuous phase is applied as a coating material by spraying the latex onto the surfaces of fertilizer particles to coat them with films after dehydration. This process is free of organic solvents and is considered promising as a green approach to producing controlled-release fertilizers [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Polymer Materials Used for Film Coatings of Controlled‐Release Fertilizers

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Chem Eng & Technol

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The photodegradation of three polymer materials was studied, i.e., polyolefin, polyurethane, and a copolymer of styrene, butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate (P(St-co-BA-co-MMA) latex). These polymers are mostly used as film-coating materials for producing controlled-release fertilizers. The P(St-co-BA-co-MMA) latex film degraded at the highest rate and the film surface became porous under UV irradiation. The weak cross-link chain in the latex film was broken and the connections between the microspheres were destroyed. A photo-oxidative aging reaction weakened the tenacity of the latex film, which resulted in the easy release of microspheres from the film, leading to a reduction in film thickness and film tensile strength. Threfore, P(St-co-BA-co-MMA) latex is a promising coating material for controlled-release fertilizers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Polymer Materials Used for Film Coatings of Controlled‐Release Fertilizers

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Chem Eng & Technol

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“…However, urea has low effectiveness, such as hygroscopic, easily denitrified, volatile, rapidly decomposing, leaching, and if accumulated in the ecosystem will adversely affect environmental health [4][5]. Several studies have shown that 40-70% of nitrogen in fertilizers released into the environment without being absorbed by plant roots [6][7]. One of promising alternatives to increasing fertilizer efficiency, reducing the soil toxicity, and minimizing potential negative effects such as overdose is using a slow release fertilizer (SRF) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other coating alternatives are being intensively studied. Coating techniques was reported by using 26% gypsum-sulphur (20% total coating) or 3% paraffin wax [7]. Many other methods have been also introduced including blending urea with urea- formaldehyde polymer [10] and by blending with leftover rice-urea-polyacrylic acid [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization natural rubber-urea-tablets coated by chitosan

Adlim

Fitri

Rahmayani

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Excessive urea leaching causes water pollution and fabricating slow release coated urea is usually performed at high temperature or using synthetic polymers and toxic solvent which might generate environmental pollution. This study aims to formulate "green process" of urea slow release tablets and characterize urea slow release tablets. The formula was composed of rice husk ash, urea, and liquid natural rubber (LNR). Several proportions were studied and characterized based on the stability in water and urea leaching. The immobilizing urea was carried in two models; core-shell and mixed model composite either coating or uncoated with chitosan. The slow release urea tablets were stable in water without decomposition at least 9 days of incubation times depending on LNR content but at least 15 mL of LNR was required to obtain stable tablets. Urea leaching from core-shell tablet was 0.045% and 0.75% for mixed model tablet in 10 days incubation times. Chitosan coating did not affect significantly on urea leaching for core-shell model but it caused urea release faster in mixed model after 12 days incubation times. Low LNR and chitosan coating retarded fungus growth on the urea slow release tablet.

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“…Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements in plants nutrition and among the available commercial nitrogen source fertilizers, urea is widely used due to its lower production cost and high nitrogen content. However, more than half of applied urea can be lost into the environment due to leaching, decomposition, and ammonium volatilization, make it not very efficient fertilizer . To overcome those challenges, intercalating of urea into montmorillonite (MMT) clay has the potential to reduce losses and increase the fertilizer efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoencapsulation of intercalated montmorillonite‐urea within PVA nanofibers: Hydrogel fertilizer nanocomposite

Azarian

Mahmood

Kwok

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study describes the preparation and characterization of nanofibers with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the wall matrix to encapsulate montmorillonite (MMT) clay and intercalated MMT‐urea nanocomposite using an electrospinning technique. Nanofibers encapsulated with (1–5%, w/w) MMT clay were successfully produced and characterized in relation to morphological, spectroscopic, structural, surface, and thermal properties. The electrospinning conditions for voltage, flow‐rate, and emitter to collector distance were 20 kV, 0.5, and 0.25 mL/h, and 10 cm, respectively. The surface roughness increased from 43.5 (empty fibers) to 56 nm in the PVA/MMT‐3% and bead‐less nanofibers were formed with the maximum diameter distribution and mean diameter value of 45–80 and 62 nm, respectively. The d‐spacing was increased significantly from 1.004 in MMT to 1.684 nm in MMT‐urea, indicating the intercalation of urea occurred successfully. Furthermore, elemental analysis results showed that the intercalated MMT‐urea contained 30.4% nitrogen. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45957.

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Comparative performance of different urea coating materials for slow release

Cited by 79 publications

References 10 publications

Photodegradation of Polymer Materials Used for Film Coatings of Controlled‐Release Fertilizers

Photodegradation of Polymer Materials Used for Film Coatings of Controlled‐Release Fertilizers

Preparation and characterization natural rubber-urea-tablets coated by chitosan

Nanoencapsulation of intercalated montmorillonite‐urea within PVA nanofibers: Hydrogel fertilizer nanocomposite

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