Comparative performance of five genotypes of Indonesian large ruminants. 1. Effect of dietary quality on liveweight and feed utilization

Abstract

Diets containing 85% (high concentrate) or 30% (high roughage) concentrate were individually fed for 280 or 224 days, respectively, to young Madura, Ongole, Bali, Grati (or Friesian crossbred) and swamp buffalo bulls. Each feeding trial was divided into early or late periods to study the effects of approaching maturity on growth and feed use. The digestibility of dietary nutrients, the balances of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium, and the metabolizability of the gross energy of the high-roughage diet were measured.Growth rates in decreasing order were Grati, Ongole, buffalo, Bali and Madura. Genotype differences in growth were generally the result of variations in intake rather than in feed use. There were genotype x trial interactions in feed intake and liveweight gain during the latter part of each trial in that on the high-concentrate diet, the performance of Ongole and Madura bulls was poorer than that of the Grati and buffalo bulls whereas performances were similar on the high-roughage diet. Dietary metabolizable energy contents were estimated to be 11.8 and 9.5 MJ kg-' dry matter for the two diets, respectively.Liveweights were higher and more divergent between genotypes at the end of the high-concentrate feeding period. As they were also higher than those reported for mature animals maintained under traditional village management, it was concluded that indigenous Indonesian large ruminants would respond to improved feeding and management. However, their feedlot performances would be unlikely to equal that of dairy crossbred cattle.

Metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance and gain of liveweight of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus)

“…The highest LWG across the current dataset was 0.65 kg/day for young bulls fed a concentrate ration containing maize grain and soybean meal and providing 250 g CP and 12.7 MJ ME/kg DM. This value was comparable to the 0.66 and 0.59 kg/day reported for Bali bulls fed a concentrate diet providing~160 g CP and 11.8 MJ ME/kg DM (Moran 1985). Although this diet is not a practical one for smallholder farms, or economical when considering current prices of grains and protein supplements, it does demonstrate the potential growth rates achievable by this type of animal under controlled experimental conditions.…”

Bovinos mestiços alimentados com diferentes proporções de volumoso:concentrado. 1. Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar

“…Também, GOMES et al (1994), LORENZONI et al (1986), RESENDE (1984), MORAN (1985) e RODRIGUES et al (1996 reportaram aumentos similares na digestibilidade da EB, ao utilizarem rações mais concentradas.…”

Comparative performance of five genotypes of Indonesian large ruminants. 2. Growth and development of non-carcass components

“…Metabolizable energy concentrations of the two diets fed were 11 a8 and 9.5 MJ kg-' dry matter for the high-concentrate and high-roughage diets (Moran 1985), and such differences coupled with total food intake could largely account for the dietary effect on weight of abdominal fat depots. The additional dietary energy consumed in the first trial, above that required for lean tissue growth, also resulted in the greater genetic diversity in deposition of fat in the body cavity.…”

“…Two-to three-year-old bulls of five genotypes of Indonesian large ruminants were fed in two trials (Moran 1985). The diet in the first trial was a d libitum concentrate (wheat pollard/ground maize) plus 6 kg of fresh chaffed elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), equivalent to 80-90% concentrate in the total dry matter.…”

“…Grati (or Friesian crossbred) bulls grow faster than indigenous Indonesian (Madura and Bali) bulls when fed good-quality diets (Moran 1985). Growth rates of Zebu (Ongole) and swamp buffalo bulls are intermediate between those of Grati and indigenous genotypes.…”