Comparative pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in common pheasants, guinea fowls and Japanese quails after intravenous and oral administration

Abstract

1. The pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin was investigated in common pheasants, guinea fowls and Japanese quails after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1) body weight. Concentrations of the drug in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The values of the pharmacokinetic parameters after both applications were calculated on the basis of a one-compartment model. 2. The elimination half-lives after i.v. injection were 6.82 ± 1.87, 3.31 ± 0.13 and 3.84 ± 0.89 h in pheasants, guinea fowls and quails, respectively. Total body clearance values were 0.45 ± 0.16, 1.23 ± 0.07 and 1.61 ± 0.34 l h(-1) kg(-1) in pheasants, guinea fowls and quails, respectively. 3. After p.o. administration, maximum serum concentrations were 0.54 ± 0.26, 0.51 ± 0.12 and 0.78 ± 0.11 μg ml(-1) respectively, reached at 2.04 ± 0.23, 10.4 ± 5.64 and 5.35 ± 0.47 h. Oral bioavailability values were 82.32% for pheasants, 79.46% for guinea fowls and 83.5% for Japanese quails. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) predictive indices were also calculated and compared.

Estimating danofloxacin withdrawal time in broiler chickens based on physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling

“…And their values were 0.31 ± 0.03 and 0.11 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, respectively, which indicated that the total body clearance (Cl tot ) of danofloxacin was 0.42 L/h/kg in the present healthy model. The Cl tot presented here was close to those reported in Pheasant (0.45 ± 0.07; Dimitrova et al ., ) and turkeys (0.59 ± 0.14 L/h/kg; Haritova et al ., ), but slower than those in Japanese quail (1.61 ± 0.14 L/h/kg; Dimitrova et al ., ; 1;.48 ± 0.17 L/h/kg; Haritova et al ., ), and Guinea fowl (1.23 ± 0.07 L/h/kg; Dimitrova et al ., ). In the present infected model, the Cl re and Cl he were 0.41 ± 0.06 and 0.13 ± 0.05 L/h/kg, respectively, which were both faster than that in healthy model.…”

“…K a was calculated using our previously reported danofloxacin concentrations in plasma in healthy chickens (Zeng et al ., ), whose value was 4.06 h −1 . For Cl re and Cl he, both were assumed to be 0.3 L/h/kg according to the reports in other birds (Haritova et al ., ; Dimitrova et al ., ), while the average (2.55) of P lu and P m (Table ) was set as that for P r because all of these three tissues were noneliminating ones. In addition, the starting value for K gic was assumed to be 1.0 h −1 .…”

“…K a was calculated using our previously reported danofloxacin concentrations in plasma in healthy chickens (Zeng et al, 2011), whose value was 4.06 h À1 . For Cl re and Cl he, both were assumed to be 0.3 L/h/kg according to the reports in other birds (Haritova et al, 2006;Dimitrova et al, Fig. 1.…”

“…Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug that acts by inhibition of bacterial DNA-gyrase (Dimitrova et al, 2014). It exhibits a high antimicrobial activity in vitro against numerous Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, and intracellular pathogens, such as Brucella and Chlamydia species (Hannan et al, 1997;Sarasola et al, 2002).…”

Pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after intravenous and intramuscular administration

“…Fluoroquinolones have been widely employed in veterinary medicine because of their bactericidal effects against a broad range of pathogens (Davis, Papich, & Weingarten, ). These drugs act by preventing DNA supercoiling through the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase (Dimitrova, Haritova, Dinev, Moutafchieva, & Lashev, ). The pharmacokinetics of several fluoroquinolones have previously been reported in fish species, including difloxacin in gibel carp (Cao, Zhang, He, Zheng, & Yang, ), sarafloxacin in crucian carp (Fang, Zhou, & Liu, 2016b), and enrofloxacin in grass carp (Xu, Wang, Yang, & Lu, ), Nile tilapia (Teles, Branco, Del Bianchi, Pilarski, & Reyes, ), snakehead fish (Fang et al., ), and crucian carp (Fan et al., ).…”