Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin after Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and Oral Administration in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentamicin sulphate (5 mg/kg body weight) were studied in 50 female broiler chickens after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and oral administration. Blood samples were collected at time 0 (pretreatment), and at 5, 15 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after drug administration. Gentamicin concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay and Bacillus subtillis ATCC 6633 as a test organism. The limit of quantification was 0.2 microg/ml. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed using non-compartmental methods based on statistical moment theory. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half-life (t (1/2beta)), the mean residence time (MRT), the volume of distribution at steady state (V (ss)), the volume of distribution (V (d,area)) and the total body clearance (Cl(B)) were 2.93 +/- 0.15 h, 2.08 +/- 0.12 h, 0.77 +/- 0.05 L/kg, 1.68 +/- 0.39 L/kg and 5.06 +/- 0.21 ml/min per kg, respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the mean peak plasma concentrations (C (max)) were 11.37 +/- 0.73 and 16.65 +/- 1.36 microg/ml, achieved at a post-injection times (t (max)) of 0.55 +/- 0.05 and 0.75 +/- 0.08 h, respectively. The t (1/2beta) was 2.87 +/- 0.44 and 3.48 +/- 0.37 h, respectively after i.m. and s.c. administration. The V (d,area) and Cl(B) were 1.49 +/- 0.21 L/kg and 6.18 +/- 0.31 ml/min per kg, respectively, after i.m. administration and were 1.43 +/- 0.19 L/kg and 4.7 +/- 0.33 ml/min per kg, respectively, after s.c. administration. The absolute bioavailability (F) of gentamicin after i.m. administration was lower (79%) than that after s.c. administration (100%). Substantial differences in the resultant kinetics data were obtained between i.m. and s.c. administration. The in vitro protein binding of gentamicin in chicken plasma was 6.46%.

Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature

“…, 1995). Systemically administered aminoglycosides are much more bioavailable than when given orally (Abu‐Basha et al. , 2007a); therefore, residues are more likely to be found in eggs.…”

Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability of Apramycin in Broiler Chickens.

“…Drug retention in the gastrointestinal tract is advantageous for treating gastrointestinal infections. The result was higher than apramycin in chicken (1.31%) (EL-Sayed et al, 2018) in chicken (2.03%) (Afifi et al, 1997), 2.5 % (Elbadawy & Aboubakr,2017), in Japanese quails 0.56% (Lashev and Mihailov, 1994), in chicken (3.77%) (Lashev, 1998 ), However, the got data was lower than that seen for different species when given by ways other than the oral method such as in calves (61.98%) (EL-Sayed et al, 1994), and in turkey roosters (107.61 ± 33.56%), gentamycin in turkey roosters (97.2 ± 31.41 %) (Haritova et al, 2004, amikacin in lactating ewes (98.27%) (Abo el-Sooud, 1999, amikacin in cats (95± 20%) (Jernigan et al, 1988), gentamycin in chicken (79%) (Abu-Basha et al, 2007), and neomycin in sheep (74-85%) (Errecalde et al, 1990).…”

Introducing multi‐modal enteral medication reduced morbidity and mortality associated with necrotising enterocolitis

“…With all precautions necessary, the present study indicates a possible role of oral Gentamycin in treatment of NEC. Oral gentamicin is not absorbed during its passage within the gastrointestinal tract and does not affect calculation and prescription of parenteral antibiotics 18‐20 . In 2020, it was shown that the use of an oral antibiotic for prevention of NEC was found not to be associated with a reduced diversity or reduced abundance of microbiome signatures within the first 2 weeks of life 21 .…”

“…16 In 2017, a systematic review of the literature showed that the use of preventive probiotics has significant potential to reduce mortality and morbid- tibiotics. [18][19][20] In 2020, it was shown that the use of an oral antibiotic for prevention of NEC was found not to be associated with a reduced diversity or reduced abundance of microbiome signatures within the first 2 weeks of life. 21 There is always a need for iv antibiotic regimens in the treatment of NEC.…”