Comparative pharmacological studies of isolated spiral strips of large arteries from lower vertebrates

Kirby, Seth; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(69)91345-0

Cited by 69 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Gaskell, 1882; De la Lande et al, 1962; Kirby and Burnstock, 1969;Berger, 1971;Hedberg and Nilsson, 1975;Burggren, 1977a;Burggren, 1977b;Milsom et al, 1977;Wojtaszek, 1979;Donald et al, 1990b;Comeau and Hicks, 1994;Hicks and Comeau, 1994). As the vagus releases acetylcholine onto muscarinic cholinoceptors on the heart, its influence is antagonised by atropine (e.g.…”

Section: E W Taylor and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake,Crotalus durissus

Taylor

Andrade

Abe

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAutonomic control of the cardiovascular system in reptiles includes sympathetic components but heart rate (f H ), pulmonary blood flow (Q pul ) and cardiac shunt patterns are primarily controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system. The vagus innervates both the heart and a sphincter on the pulmonary artery. The present study reveals that whereas both the left and right vagi influence f H , it is only the left vagus that influences pulmonary vascular resistance. This is associated with the fact that rattlesnakes, in common with some other species of snakes, have a single functional lung, as the other lung regresses during development. Stimulation of the left cervical vagus in anaesthetised snakes slowed the heart and markedly reduced blood flow in the pulmonary artery whereas stimulation of the right cervical vagus slowed the heart and caused a small increase in stroke volume (V S ) in both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Central stimulation of either vagus caused small (5-10%) reductions in systemic blood pressure but did not affect blood flows or f H . A bilateral differentiation between the vagi was confirmed by progressive vagotomy in recovered snakes. Transection of the left vagus caused a slight increase in f H (10%) but a 70% increase in Q pul , largely due to an increase in pulmonary stroke volume (V S , pul ). Subsequent complete vagotomy caused a 60% increase in f H accompanied by a slight rise in Q pul , with no further change in V S , pul . By contrast, transection of the right vagus elicited a slight tachycardia but no change in V S , pul . Subsequent complete vagotomy was accompanied by marked increases in f H , Q pul and V S , pul . These data show that although the heart receives bilateral vagal innervation, the sphincter on the pulmonary artery is innervated solely by the left vagus. This paves the way for an investigation of the role of the cardiac shunt in regulating metabolic rate, as chronic left vagotomy will cause a pronounced left-right shunt in recovered animals, whilst leaving intact control of the heart, via the right vagus.

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Section: E W Taylor and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake,Crotalus durissus

Taylor

Andrade

Abe

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Reite (1969) obtained a dual action of ACh on the systemic vasculature of frogs and toads, a weak dilator response followed by a constriction. Vasoconstriction to ACh has also been noted in other lower vertebrates, including the lizard aorta (Kirby & Burnstock, 1969a;Ogundahunsi & Tayo, 1988;Wright & Hurn, 1993), coronary artery of the steelhead and rainbow trout , branchial artery of the shark (Negaprion queenslandicus) (Bennett, 1993) and splenic artery of two species of dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula and Squalus acanthias) (Nilsson et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the endothelium in the relaxation of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) aorta in response to acetylcholine

Knight

Burnstock

1996

British J Pharmacology

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1 The vasodilator response to acetylcholine (ACh) was investigated in the aortic arches of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). 2 With adrenaline pre-constricted preparations, both ACh and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) caused concentration-dependent relaxations. Damage to the endothelial layer abolished relaxations to ACh, or reduced them greatly, but had no effect on vasodilatation to SNP.3 NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 -100 gM) concentration-dependently inhibited relaxations in response to ACh, but had no effect on the ability of SNP to induce vasodilatation. 4 L-Arginine (L-Arg; 100-200 times the concentration of L-NAME) failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of L-NAME (1 -100 gM) apart from one isolated instance.5 In summary, this study has shown endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to ACh in an amphibian blood vessel that appears to be mediated via nitric oxide (NO). The response to ACh differs from many mammalian preparations in that the inhibitory effect of L-NAME could not be overcome by L-Arg, in addition to L-NAME itself having no direct effect upon the tone of the vessel.

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“…I t is suggested that there is a cholinergic and an adrenergic vasoconstrictor innervation of the large arteries in teleosts, while the vascular bed is supposed to be innervated by cholinergic vasoconstrictor nerves only (Burnstock 1969). No inhibitory effects of catecholamines have been detected in large arteries (Kirby and Burnstock 1969).…”

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confidence: 86%

Drug Effects on Pre‐and Post‐branchial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in a Free‐swimming Marine Teleost, Gadus morhua¹

Helgason

Nilsson

1973

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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HELGASON, S. S. and S. NILSSON. Drug effects on pre-and postbranchial blood pressure and heart rate in a free-swimming marine teleost, Gadus morhua. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 88.533-540. Drug effects on pre-and post-branchial blood pressure and heart rate have been simultaneously and continuously registrated in free-swimming cod ( Gadus morhua) . Adrenaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine increased blood pressure, presumably by increasing systemic vascular resistance by alpha adrenergic stimulation. The heart rate was decreased by the same drugs, obviously by a baro-receptor reflex, with the efferent inhibitory cholinergic fibres running in the vagus nerve. Yohimbine decreased the blood pressure and blocked the effect of adrenaline. The drop in blood pressure may be due to blockade of a normally acting vaso-constrictor effect on the systemic vessels. Pre-and post-branchial blood pressure was reduced by isoprenaline, and this effect was reversed by propranolol, suggesting presence of adrenergic beta-receptors in the systemic vascular bed. Propranolol also caused a drop in heart rate and post-branchial blood pressure, while the pre-branchial blood pressure was increased. This again could be due to abolishment of a normally acting adrenergic influence on the heart and branchial vessels.In teleost fish, the blood leaving the heart by the ventral aorta passes the respiratory capillaries of the gills, and is collected into the dorsal aorta which drains the blood from the gills. Branching arteries from the dorsal aorta distribute the blood to the capillaries of the various tissues. The blood is then recollected into the veins, and returned to the sinus venoms of the heart. Thus the respiratory and systemic capillaries are coupled in series with the heart, forming one single circuit (Fig, 1).The vascular resistance of the gills brings about a large decrease in pressure from ventral to dorsal aorta. The next abrupt drop in pressure occurs in the systemic capillaries, and the pressure of the blood returning to the heart is close to zero. An integrated regulation of the diameter of the branchial and systemic vessels is an

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Comparative pharmacological studies of isolated spiral strips of large arteries from lower vertebrates

Cited by 69 publications

References 25 publications

The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake,Crotalus durissus

The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake,Crotalus durissus

The involvement of the endothelium in the relaxation of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) aorta in response to acetylcholine

Drug Effects on Pre‐and Post‐branchial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in a Free‐swimming Marine Teleost, Gadus morhua¹

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Comparative pharmacological studies of isolated spiral strips of large arteries from lower vertebrates

Cited by 69 publications

References 25 publications

The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake,Crotalus durissus

The unequal influences of the left and right vagi on the control of the heart and pulmonary artery in the rattlesnake,Crotalus durissus

The involvement of the endothelium in the relaxation of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) aorta in response to acetylcholine

Drug Effects on Pre‐and Post‐branchial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in a Free‐swimming Marine Teleost, Gadus morhua1

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Drug Effects on Pre‐and Post‐branchial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in a Free‐swimming Marine Teleost, Gadus morhua¹