Comparative Physiology of Insect Flight Muscle

Josephson, Robert K.

doi:10.1007/0-387-31213-7_3

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Calls from the striped cusk-eel Ophidium marginatum have peak frequencies above 1 kHz Sprague and Luczkovich 2001), which should be impossible using conventional fast swimbladder muscles since twitches would have to occur in less than 1 ms, faster than any known direct muscle. There are insect flight muscles that contract at such high rates, but they are indirect muscles working with wing resonance in small insects, i.e., there are multiple contractions for each nerve volley (Josephson 2006).…”

Section: Sciaenidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Fish Sound Production

Fine

Parmentier

2015

Animal Signals and Communication

120

123

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Fishes have evolved multiple mechanisms for sound production, many of which utilize sonic muscles that vibrate the swimbladder or the rubbing of bony elements. Sonic muscles are among the fastest muscles in vertebrates and typically drive the swimbladder to produce one sound cycle per contraction. These muscles may be extrinsic, typically extending from the head to the swimbladder, or intrinsic, likely a more-derived condition, in which muscles attach exclusively to the bladder wall. Recently discovered in Ophidiiform fishes, slow muscles stretch the swimbladder and associated tendons, allowing sound production by rebound (cock and release). In glaucosomatids, fast muscles produce a weak sound followed by a louder one, again produced by rebound, which may reflect an intermediate in the evolution of slow to superfast sonic muscles. Historically, the swimbladder has been modeled as an underwater resonant bubble. We provide evidence for an alternative hypothesis, namely that bladder sounds are driven as a forced rather than a resonant response, thus accounting for broad tuning, rapid damping, and directionality of fish sounds. Cases of sounds that damp slowly, an indication of resonance, are associated with tendons or bones that continue to vibrate and hence drive multiple cycles of swimbladder sound. Stridulation sounds, best studied in catfishes and damselfishes, are produced, respectively, as a series of quick jerks causing rubbing of a ribbed process against a rough surface or rapid jaw closing mediated by a specialized tendon. A cladogram of sonic fishes suggests that fish sound production has arisen independently multiple times.

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Section: Sciaenidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Fish Sound Production

Fine

Parmentier

2015

Animal Signals and Communication

120

123

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“…In contrast to other thoracic, leg, and abdominal muscles, like the tergal depressor of the trochanter (TDT or ‘jump muscle’), which are tubular muscles, IFMs are fibrillar and are enriched for the expression certain proteins, including flightin and Actin88F . Tubular muscles have laterally aligned sarcomeres and contract synchronously, while fibrillar muscles have nonaligned myofibrils and contract asynchronously . Despite these shared properties that set them apart from the other thoracic muscles, DVMs, and DLMs follow different developmental programs: DVMs are formed completely from the fusion of AMPs, as is the case for the majority of the adult muscles, including the jump muscle.…”

Section: Amp Specification and Founder Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specification of the somatic musculature in Drosophila

Dobi

Schulman

Baylies

2015

WIREs Developmental Biology

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The somatic muscle system formed during Drosophila embryogenesis is required for larvae to hatch, feed, and crawl. This system is replaced in the pupa by a new adult muscle set, responsible for activities such as feeding, walking, and flight. Both the larval and adult muscle systems are comprised of distinct muscle fibers to serve these specific motor functions. In this way, the Drosophila musculature is a valuable model for patterning within a single tissue: while all muscle cells share properties such as the contractile apparatus, properties such as size, position, and number of nuclei are unique for a particular muscle. In the embryo, diversification of muscle fibers relies first on signaling cascades that pattern the mesoderm. Subsequently, the combinatorial expression of specific transcription factors leads muscle fibers to adopt particular sizes, shapes, and orientations. Adult muscle precursors (AMPs), set aside during embryonic development, proliferate during the larval phases and seed the formation of the abdominal, leg, and flight muscles in the adult fly. Adult muscle fibers may either be formed de novo from the fusion of the AMPs, or are created by the binding of AMPs to an existing larval muscle. While less is known about adult muscle specification compared to the larva, expression of specific transcription factors is also important for its diversification. Increasingly, the mechanisms required for the diversification of fly muscle have found parallels in vertebrate systems and mark Drosophila as a robust model system to examine questions about how diverse cell types are generated within an organism.

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“…The IFM fibers do not directly attach to the wings, but instead attach to the cuticle. The deformation of the cuticle acts on a specialized hinge that causes the wings to move [9]. The two sets of IFM contract out of phase with each other to set up a resonance vibration in the thorax, similar to that of a tuning fork [10].…”

Section: Drosophila Indirect Flight Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical analysis of Drosophila indirect flight and jump muscles

Swank

2012

Methods

111

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The genetic advantages of Drosophila make it a very appealing choice for investigating muscle development, muscle physiology and muscle protein structure and function. To take full advantage of this model organism, it has been vital to develop isolated Drosophila muscle preparations that can be mechanically evaluated. We describe techniques to isolate, prepare and mechanically analyze skinned muscle fibers from two Drosophila muscle types, the indirect flight muscle and the jump muscle. The function of the indirect flight muscle is similar to vertebrate cardiac muscle, to generate power in an oscillatory manner. The indirect flight muscle is ideal for evaluating the influence of protein mutations on muscle and cross-bridge stiffness, oscillatory power, and deriving cross-bridge rate constants. Jump muscle physiology and structure are more similar to skeletal vertebrate muscle than indirect flight muscle, and it is ideal for measuring maximum shortening velocity, force-velocity characteristics and steady-state power generation.

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Comparative Physiology of Insect Flight Muscle

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Mechanisms of Fish Sound Production

Mechanisms of Fish Sound Production

Specification of the somatic musculature in Drosophila

Mechanical analysis of Drosophila indirect flight and jump muscles

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