Comparative proteome analysis of the tear samples in patients with low-grade keratoconus

Abstract

The involvement of NADHX repair pathway in KC should be investigated, since preliminary clues obtained in this study point to that direction. In particular, showing the presence of ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase that eliminates NADHX would strengthen our findings and would be a major step toward understanding KC.

Tear Mediators NGF along with IL-13 Predict Keratoconus Progression

“…3 The etiology of this visually debilitating disease is not yet known in detail, but recent studies suggest that the pathogenesis is related to a combination of genetic, biomechanical, biochemical and environmental risk factors including inflammation, oxidative stress, and allergy. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Altered levels of various cytokines, enzymes, regulatory and growth factors, and diagnostic markers of inflammation and tissue injury have been found in the tears or in the cornea of patients with keratoconus, pointing to the crucial role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. 6,[11][12][13][14] These include proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6), inflammatory chemokines (CXCL8, CCL5), inflammatory mediators (IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17), the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, cytokines associated with allergy development (IL-4, IL-13), enzymes and their co-factors associated with tissue remodeling (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), cathepsin B).…”

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Altered levels of various cytokines, enzymes, regulatory and growth factors, and diagnostic markers of inflammation and tissue injury have been found in the tears or in the cornea of patients with keratoconus, pointing to the crucial role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of keratoconus. 6,[11][12][13][14] These include proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6), inflammatory chemokines (CXCL8, CCL5), inflammatory mediators (IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17), the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, cytokines associated with allergy development (IL-4, IL-13), enzymes and their co-factors associated with tissue remodeling (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), cathepsin B). Various growth factors, other enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, cellular proteins which can serve as diagnostic markers in the context of cellular and tissue injury or inflammation were also described, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); insulin-growth factors (IGFs), nerve growth factor (NGF), lipocalins, lipophilins, phospholipase A2, cystatins, albumin, type I and type II keratins, lactoferrin, Prolactin-Induced Protein, α-fibrinogen, α1-antitrypsin; apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), lysozyme C, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), metabolic enzymes (e.g.…”

“…GAPDH), different immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG1, and the κ-isotype of the Ig light chains) and the polymeric immunoglobulin transport receptor (pIgR/ PIGR). [4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12] Disease specific changes in these molecular markers can be of diagnostic value in keratoconus. 32 To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies examining these mediators in the tear fluid to predict the progression of the disease.…”

Assesment Of Protein Profile In Vitreus Samples Of Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration By Proteomic Approaches

“…After isoelectric focusing, strips were then washed with buffer-I and buffer-II (as mentioned in the previous study) and subjected to SDS-PAGE for 2D separation in a Dodeca gel running system (Bio-Rad, USA). 9 After the separation, the gels were xed and then stained with colloidal Coomassie blue G250 (Bio-Rad, USA). In the gel image analysis, protein spots that signi cantly differed in expression (more than 2-fold) were selected and excised from the gels.…”

“…In the gel image analysis, protein spots that signi cantly differed in expression (more than 2-fold) were selected and excised from the gels. 9 Protein Identi cation by Mass Spectrometry Protein identi cation experiments were performed at Kocaeli University DEKART proteomics laboratory using a ABSCIEX MALDI-TOF/TOF 5800 system (Applied Biosystems®, Framingham, MA, USA). In-gel tryptic digestion of the proteins was performed using an in-gel digestion kit following the recommended protocol (Pierce, USA).…”