Comparative sensitivity of <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i> and <i>Xenopus laevis</i> as test species for the FETAX model

Fort, Douglas J.; Rogers, Robert L.; Thomas, John H.; Buzzard, Brody O.; Noll, Andra M.; Spaulding, Clinton D.

doi:10.1002/jat.997

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In vitro nuclear assembly using extracts of Xenopus laevis eggs is normally performed at ∼22–23°C (room temperature), which is a physiological temperature for Xenopus laevis (Newport and Forbes, 1987; Fort et al , 2004). However, the fast rate of nuclear envelope formation and nuclear pore assembly both in the in vitro Xenopus system and in cells at physiological temperatures (Dultz et al , 2008; Katsani et al , 2008) creates significant difficulties for those wishing to isolate and explore early pore assembly intermediates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner/Outer Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Nuclear Pore Assembly

Fichtman

Ramos

Rasala

et al. 2010

MBoC

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner/Outer Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Nuclear Pore Assembly

Fichtman

Ramos

Rasala

et al. 2010

MBoC

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“…, 2004), atrazine (Fort et al. , 2004), the polyaromatic hydrocarbons BaP (Fort et al. , 1989), and fluoranthene (Hatch and Burton, 1998), E2 and bisphenol A (Saili et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They?

Carvalho

Arukwe

Aı̈t-Aı̈ssa

et al. 2014

Toxicological Sciences

114

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The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations.

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“…The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) model, and modifications thereof (22), use procedures similar to ours. The FETAX test concludes on day 4, at which time the number of abnormalities and deaths are totaled and compared between treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance to Isoflurane Does Not Occur in Developing Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

Milutinovic¹,

Zhao²,

Sonner³

2009

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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Introduction Tolerance is observed for a variety of central nervous system depressants including ethanol, which is an anesthetic, but has not been convincingly demonstrated for a potent halogenated volatile anesthetic. Failure to demonstrate tolerance to these agents may be the result of inadequate exposure to anesthetic. In this study, we exposed Xenopus laevis tadpoles to surgical anesthetic concentrations of isoflurane for one week. Methods Xenopus laevis tadpoles were produced by in vitro fertilization, and exposed to isoflurane (0.59%, 0.98%, 1.52%) or oxygen for one week starting from the time of fertilization. Results Changes in anesthetic EC50 were small and not in a consistent direction. Control animals had an anesthetic EC50 of 0.594% ± 0.003% isoflurane. Tadpoles exposed to 1.52% isoflurane had a lower EC50 than controls (by 16%), while tadpoles raised under 0.59 and 0.98% isoflurane had higher EC50s than control (by 4.7% and 7.4%, respectively). Conclusion We provide the first description of week-long exposures of vertebrates to surgical anesthetic concentrations of isoflurane, and the first report of such exposures in developing vertebrates. Tolerance to isoflurane does not occur in developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Taken together with studies in other organisms, the development of tolerance to ethanol but not isoflurane suggests that mechanisms these drugs share probably do not account for the development of tolerance.

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Comparative sensitivity of Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis as test species for the FETAX model

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Inner/Outer Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Nuclear Pore Assembly

Inner/Outer Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Nuclear Pore Assembly

Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They?

Tolerance to Isoflurane Does Not Occur in Developing Xenopus laevis Tadpoles

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