Comparative sequence analysis of the 5′ noncoding region of the enteroviruses and rhinoviruses

Rivera, Victor M.; Welsh, John D.; Maizel, Jacob V.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(88)90656-3

Cited by 186 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…3). A similar structure has recently been described by others (Rivera et al, 1988). The feature is present in all HRVs sequenced to date which strongly suggests a functional role.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Sequences in the 5' Non-coding Region of Human Rhinovirus 14 RNA that Affect in vitro Translation

Al-Saadi

Hassard

Stanway

1989

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYA subgenomic cDNA clone from human rhinovirus 14 , comprising the 5' non-coding region and the first 1182 nucleotides of the coding sequence, has been inserted into a vector under the control of the T7 promoter, and RNA was transcribed. Deletions in the 5' non-coding sequence modulated viral polyprotein synthesis significantly in a reticulocyte lysate system. Removal of the first 491 nucleotides had little effect, but deletion of a further 55 nucleotides (491 to 546) significantly increased the efficiency of the translation process. Further deletion to nucleotide 621 almost abolished translation, suggesting an essential role for the 546 to 621 nucleotide sequence. The efficiency of the translation process can also be influenced by the addition of ribosomal salt wash prepared from uninfected HeLa cells.

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“…3). A similar structure has recently been described by others (Rivera et al, 1988). The feature is present in all HRVs sequenced to date which strongly suggests a functional role.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Sequences in the 5' Non-coding Region of Human Rhinovirus 14 RNA that Affect in vitro Translation

Al-Saadi

Hassard

Stanway

1989

Journal of General Virology

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“…A similar model seems to be applicable to the cardioviruses and to TMEV and this, together with the biochemical data, suggests that these structures do exist in vivo and have functional significance. In the case of enteroo and rhinoviruses, computer predictions, again augmented by experimental analysis, have produced a compelling model applicable to all the viruses studied but different from the predicted folding of the cardio-and aphthoviruses (Rivera et al, 1988;Pilipenko et al, 1989b;Skinner et al, 1989). There are three main predicted structural domains located at positions 236 to 443, 451 to 559 and 581 to 620 (numbers refer to poliovirus type 3) and all are supported by observed covariance.…”

Section: G Stanwaymentioning

confidence: 95%

Structure, function and evolution of picornaviruses

Stanway

1990

Journal of General Virology

161

105

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“…A comparable attenuating determinant probably exists in poliovirus type 2 but has not yet been defined (41,42). A computer model predicted that the attenuating mutations in the 5' noncoding region would substantially change the secondary structure of the RNA (43). A new consensus model based on comparative sequence data for the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and rhinoviruses predicts interaction between two 5' noncoding domains (sequences 471-483 and 528-538 of the polioviruses) and explains a second site reversion of an attenuated poliovirus type 1 mutant (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic regions of neurovirulence and attenuation in Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus.

Calenoff

Faaberg

Lipton

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Full-length cDNA clones of two Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) strains, one highly virulent and the other less virulent, were constructed in the bacterial plasmid pGEMR-3. Transfection of BHK-21 cells with RNA transcribed from these cDNAs yielded progeny viruses with the exact in vitro growth phenotype and mouse neurovirulence pattern of the respective parental virus strains. RNA transcripts derived from recombinant chimeras constructed by exchanging corresponding genomic regions [5' noncoding, leader/P1 (L/P1), P2, P3, and 3' noncoding] between the parental cDNAs were infectious and enabled analysis of the growth characteristics in vitro and mouse neurovirulence of the chimeras. A correlation was found between plaque size and temperature sensitivity and the origin of the L/P1 region. Neurovirulence mapped primarily to the L/P1 region encoding the leader and coat proteins. Depending on parental origin, the 5' noncoding region either influenced virus attenuation or augmented virulence.Theiler murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEVs) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice. They constitute a separate serological group within the picornavirus family (1), and, based on the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization, TMEVs have been unofficially classified as cardioviruses, along with encephalomyocarditis virus and Mengo virus (2, 3). TMEVs can be divided into two groups on the basis of their growth characteristics in vitro and neurovirulence after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation (4, 5). The first group consists oftwo highly virulent viruses, GDVII and FA, which produce a rapidly fatal encephalitis in adult mice. All of the remaining isolates, referred to as TO strains because they resemble Theiler's original isolates (6), belong to the second group. These viruses are much less virulent than GDVII and FA but still cause central nervous system disease in the form of poliomyelitis (early onset) followed by a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease (late onset), which is due to viral persistence (4, 7). The difference in virulence between the two groups is substantial, on the order of magnitude of 2105 plaque-forming units per LD50 (8).Therefore, the existence of two distinct neurovirulence groups makes the TMEV particularly useful for studying the molecular pathogenesis of picornaviruses.Recently, we sequenced strains representing both neurovirulence groups, the highly virulent GDVII virus and the less virulent BeAn virus (2, 9). Computer-generated comparisons of GDVII and BeAn reveal 90.4% identity at the nucleotide level and 95.7% identity at the amino acid level (9). Because the 775 nucleotide and 99 amino acid differences are dispersed throughout the genome, sequence analysis alone is not sufficient to identify the genomic regions or gene products responsible for pathogenetic properties, such as virulence and attenuation.We have now constructed full-length cDNAs of the GDVII and BeAn virus RNAs and produced infectious transcripts in vitro. To identify the determinants...

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Comparative sequence analysis of the 5′ noncoding region of the enteroviruses and rhinoviruses

Cited by 186 publications

References 32 publications

Sequences in the 5' Non-coding Region of Human Rhinovirus 14 RNA that Affect in vitro Translation

Sequences in the 5' Non-coding Region of Human Rhinovirus 14 RNA that Affect in vitro Translation

Structure, function and evolution of picornaviruses

Genomic regions of neurovirulence and attenuation in Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus.

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