Comparative seroprevalence of measles virus immunoglobulin M antibodies in children aged 0–8 months and a control population aged 9–23 months presenting with measles-like symptoms in selected hospitals in Kaduna State

Abstract

BackgroundMeasles remains the leading cause of vaccine-preventable childhood mortality in developing countries, with its greatest incidence in children younger than 2 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of measles virus in children (aged 0–8 months) and older children (aged 9–23 months) presenting with measles-like symptoms.MethodsA total of 273 blood samples comprising 200 from children aged 0–8 months and 73 from children aged 9–23 months were collected and analyzed for measles virus IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAn overall prevalence of 21.2% was obtained, with a prevalence of 6.5% in children aged 0–8 months and 61.6% in children aged 9–23 months. The prevalence of measles virus increased with age in children aged 0–8 months and decreased with age in older children (aged 9–23 months), showing a significant association between measles virus and age of the child (P=0.000). A higher prevalence was found in females (27.5%) than in males (16.3%) and this difference was significant (odds ratio 1.942, P=0.025). There was no significant association with the level of parental education, parental occupation, or number of children in the family (P>0.05). With respect to children’s vaccination status and breastfeeding, there was a significant association (P<0.05). The marital status of the family, place of residence, and household size showed no significant association with the prevalence of measles virus. However, a significant association was observed in relation to maternal measles history (odds ratio 2.535, P=0.005) and maternal vaccination status (odds ratio 1.791, P=0.049), as well as between measles virus infection and all presenting symptoms, except for vomiting, malaria, typhoid, and pneumonia, which showed no significant association (P>0.05).ConclusionThe findings of this study confirm the presence of measles virus infection in children aged 0–8 months.

Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015

“…A control was, any child 0-59 months residing in the same community but without the signs and symptoms of measles. We enrolled 75 cases and 75 controls to identify an odds ratio of 3 (for a risk factor on which intervention would have a significant impact), assuming 21.2% prevalence of exposure among control [4], with 95% CI and power of 80%. The sample size was determined using the Statcal function of Epi-Info statistical software.…”

“…Being unvaccinated against measles is a risk factor for contracting the disease [3]. Other factors responsible for measles outbreak and transmissions in developing countries are; lack of parental awareness of vaccination importance and compliance with routine immunization schedule, household overcrowding with easy contact with someone with measles, acquired or inherited immunodeficiency states and malnutrition [4-6]. During outbreaks, measles case fatality rate (CFR) in developing countries are normally estimated to be 3-5%, but may reach 10-30% compared with 0.1% reported from industrialized countries [2].…”