Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015

Babalola, Obafemi Joseph; Ibrahim, Ismaila Nda; Kusfa, Ibrahim Usman; Gidado, Saheed; Nguku, Patrick; Olayinka, Adebola; Abubakar, Aisha

doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.32.150.15764

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our study finding is similar with the study conducted in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe where the number of unvaccinated increased by 5, 14, and 3 times, respectively. 24 , 36 , 37 Low average coverage of MCV1 in the last four consecutive years in the district might have contributed to this. As low coverage increases susceptibility to measles infection, high coverage with two doses of the measles vaccine ensures herd immunity and decreases the spread of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Bukuno¹,

Asholie²,

Girma³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background A measles outbreak can occur in the presence of an increased number of unvaccinated children; however, the vaccine was available many decades ago, and it is the foremost cause of child mortality, claiming 568 lives (mostly children) worldwide each day. The investigation was aimed at assessing the magnitude and identifying contributing factors for the measles outbreak in the Garda Marta District of Gamo Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods From January 20 to February 10, 2022, a descriptive and unmatched case–control study was used to describe the measles outbreak and identify the associated risk factors for measles infection. The descriptive analysis employed all 140 cases from the line list, while the case–control study used 51 cases and 102 controls to investigate factors associated with measles infection. Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 was used to code and enter data, which was then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. To declare statistical significance for the association, multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI was used. Results From a total of 140 measles cases reported from October 12, 2021, to March 09, 2022, 75 (54%) were females. Marta Laddo kebele was most affected (104 cases). Being unvaccinated (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.10–7.32), having a travel history (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.61–11.15), having a contact history (AOR: 6.34, 95% CI: 2.35–17.40), being unaware of the mode of transmission (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16–6.37), and having moderate acute malnutrition (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.74–11.31) were factors significantly associated with the measles outbreak. Conclusion Being unvaccinated, travel history to measles outbreak area, contact history, knowledge of caretakers/mothers on the mode of transmission, and acute malnutrition were associated with the measles outbreak in the district. Therefore, strengthening routine measles immunization, mounting vaccination awareness and nutritional screening are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Bukuno¹,

Asholie²,

Girma³

et al. 2023

IDR

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“… 44 Our finding is line with an investigation conducted in Nigeria, where being unvaccinated increases by 14 times the risk of measles infection. 46 Conversely, different literature showed that homogeneous high vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccine is the cornerstone required for ensuring and sustaining high population immunity against measles. 1 , 4 , 28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Guradamole District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Tsegaye¹,

Gezahegn²,

Tesfaye³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Measles is a highly contagious viral illness and globally, 142,300 people died from measles in 2018. On 25 March 2021, an outbreak of measles was reported from Guradamole district Bale Zone Southeast Ethiopia. Hence, we investigated to determine existence of the outbreak and to identify the associated factors. Method Descriptive and 1:2 unmatched case–control study was done in Guradamole district from March 25 to April 9/2021. For the descriptive study, a total of 98 cases were used. To identify the factor associated with the outbreak, 60 cases were selected by computer-generated simple random method by using line list as a sampling frame and 120 controls were studied. Active cases were identified through home-to-home searching in affected kebeles and controls were selected from neighbors of cases. Five serum samples were taken and an IgM test was done to confirm cases. Cases were any person who developed fever, maculopapular rash and cough, coryza or conjunctivitis while controls were without such diagnosis. We collected data by using a structured questionnaire, cases were described by time, place, and person; logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with measles. In the multivariable analysis P -value <0.05 was declared statistical significance. Results Overall, 98 cases were identified with an overall attack rate of 12/1000 population and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7%. The highest attack rate (38/1000 population) and CFR (57%) were among children aged <59 months. Vaccination efficacy was calculated to be 82.6%. Being unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio/AOR=5.66, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.24–25.81), contact with patient (AOR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.03–10.17), moderate malnutrition (AOR=4.34, 95%CI: 2.14–8.814), distance from health facility (AOR=4.58, 95%CI: 1.39–15.19) and history of travel to affected area (AOR=3.99, 95%CI: 1.31–12.19) were shown significant associated with measles infection. Conclusion The attack and fatality rate of the investigation were high. Being unvaccinated, distant from the health facility, malnutrition, and history of contact with measles case were associated with the outbreak. We recommend conducting vaccination campaigns, interventions to malnutrition, and strengthening routine immunization programs to reduce future measles outbreaks.

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Measles Outbreak Investigation in Aneded District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Tariku,

Belete,

Worede

et al. 2024

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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Background Between 2000 and 2018, global measles deaths decreased by 73%, but the disease remains prevalent in many developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. Although Ethiopia was attempting to eliminate the measles, it still ranks fourth in the world in terms of the number of cases. The aim of the investigation was to describe the outbreak and identify its determinants in the Aneded district. Methods Between March 3, 2020, and April 2, 2020, the 89 patients and 178 controls participated in a case-control study. Data were gathered by means of in-person interviews with household leaders. The attack and case fatality rates were determined. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant cut-off points. Results An investigation was conducted on a total of 89 measles cases, with 3 deaths and 178 controls. In total, there were 1.65 attacks per 1000 people, or 3.4% of the case fatality rate. There were 155 days of outbreak duration. The disease was significantly associated with being female [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38–5.11], under 5 years old [AOR = 7.24; 95% CI = 2.58–20.31], positive in attitude [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.11–0.42], and having a contact history [AOR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.67–6.10]. Conclusion The measles outbreak, with its higher attack and case fatality rate, has been influenced by factors like household attitudes, age, sex, contact and travel history and needs to be reduced through early detection, active surveillance, and fostering favorable attitudes towards disease prevention and control.

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Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Guradamole District of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Aneded District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

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