Comparative studies of the mutagenicity of environmental tobacco smoke from cigarettes that burn or primarily heat tobacco

Bombick, Betsy; Avalos, Jerry; Nelson, Paul R.; Conrad, Fred W.; Doolittle, David J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1998)31:2<169::aid-em9>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, using the FTC smoking machine methods, Eclipse cigarettes that purportedly heat rather than burn the tobacco or electrically-heated cigarettes were reported to produce extracts with less or no cytotoxicity in different cell types compared to reference or other commercially available cigarettes (52,62,63,88,153). Separately, the cytotoxicity of TPM, CSC and GVP generated from an electrically-heated cigarette prototype under two different smoking machine conditions were reported to be lower compared to conventional and reference cigarettes on a per cigarette basis, but not on per mg TPM/CSC basis (147).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

Johnson

Schilz

Djordjevic

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

157

106

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Background: In vitro toxicology studies of tobacco and tobacco smoke have been used to understand why tobacco use causes cancer and to assess the toxicologic impact of tobacco product design changes. The need for toxicology studies has been heightened given the Food and Drug Administration's newly granted authority over tobacco products for mandating tobacco product performance standards and evaluate manufacturers' health claims about modified tobacco products. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate in vitro toxicology methods related to cancer for assessing tobacco products and to identify related research gaps. Methods: PubMed database searches were used to identify tobacco-related in vitro toxicology studies published since 1980. Articles published before 1980 with high relevance also were identified. The data were compiled to examine (a) the goals of the study, (b) the methods for collecting test substances, (c) experimental

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

Johnson

Schilz

Djordjevic

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

157

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cytotoxicity is thought to play an important role in a number of pathological processes including inflammation and carcinogenesis. Cytotoxicity may also modulate the activity of other agents, including free radicals, cytokines and genotoxins (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoke condensate affects the collagen‐degrading ability of human gingival fibroblasts

Zhang

Song

Windsor

2009

J of Periodontal Research

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“…This differs markedly from a cigarette-like nicotine delivery system that heats, rather than burns, tobacco, and in which most of the weight of the condensate is due to glycerol. Studies performed by investigators at RJR found that in vitro, condensates from Eclipse were less active than cigarette smoke condensate in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay (Bombick et al, 1998a). In research with smoking volunteers who switched to Eclipse, RJR investigators reported reduction in mutagenic activity excreted in the urine (Smith et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the manufacturer, a small amount of tobacco is burned in Eclipse to provide a taste acceptable to smokers (Pauly, Streck, & Cummings, 1995). Eclipse produces reductions (of 80-90%) in some tobacco smoke toxins (Bombick, Avalos, Nelson, Conrad, & Doolittle, 1998a;Borgerding et al, 1998). To determine whether use of Eclipse would be associated with a measurable effect in the lungs of smokers, the current study utilized flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy to assess the lower respiratory tract in a group of heavy smokers before and after they switched to Eclipse for a period of 2 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of subclinical respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers who switch to a cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that primarily heats tobacco

Rennard

Umino

Millatmal

et al. 2002

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Cigarette smoking remains a major public health problem. For smokers who cannot or do not wish to quit, few options exist to reduce health risks. A cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that heats rather than burns tobacco might deliver nicotine with fewer toxins. The current study was designed to determine whether asymptomatic heavy smokers who did not wish to quit had improvement in lower respiratory tract inflammation after switching to Eclipse, a cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that primarily heats rather than burns tobacco. Twelve smokers of at least 40 cigarettes daily, asymptomatic and in good health, underwent paired bronchoscopies, bronchoalveolar lavages and endobronchial biopsies before and after 2 months of using Eclipse. Eight normal non-smoking individuals were evaluated on one occasion for comparison. Inflammation was assessed by direct inspection and by cytological parameters. Goblet cell metaplasia was assessed histologically. Compared to non-smokers, smokers had increased visible inflammation, increased recovery of inflammatory cells and increased percentage of goblet cells. There were significant reductions in all these parameters following a switch to Eclipse use, although the improvement did not reach the normal range. No significant differences were observed in peripheral blood measures. Nicotine levels were generally maintained, and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels trended strongly upward. One individual experienced a transient twofold increase in CO and concurrently experienced transient headaches. Eclipse use may be a strategy to reduce the health risks for heavy smokers unwilling or unable to quit.

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Comparative studies of the mutagenicity of environmental tobacco smoke from cigarettes that burn or primarily heat tobacco

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

Cigarette smoke condensate affects the collagen‐degrading ability of human gingival fibroblasts

Evaluation of subclinical respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers who switch to a cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that primarily heats tobacco

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