Comparative studies on the performance of immobilized quaternary ammonium salt catalysts for the addition of carbon dioxide to glycidyl methacrylate

Addition of carbon dioxide to allyl glycidyl ether using ionic liquids catalysts

“…Imidazolium salts, having longer distances between cations and anions, seem to exhibit higher activity in activating anions. The catalytic activity also increased with increasing the nucleophilicity of the anion of EMIm + X À ionic liquid: PF 6 À < BF 4 À < Cl À . Higher carbon dioxide pressure enhanced the AGE conversion due to the increase of the absorption of carbon dioxide in the solution of ionic liquid and AGE.…”

“…But some authors reported the synthesis of five-membered cyclic carbonates under mild condition in the presence of metal halides or phase transfer catalyst [3][4][5]. In our previous work [6,7], we reported the use of immobilized quaternary ammonium salt catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates.…”

Carbon dioxide: a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals

“…2.2 Silica supported poly-4-vinyl pyridine (PVP) as a highly active heterogeneous base catalyst for cyclic carbonate synthesis from CO 2 and epoxides For cycloaddition of epoxides and CO 2 , polymer supported catalysts [55,76,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] as well as silica supported catalysts are developed [59,[98][99][100]. It has been observed that silica-supported onium salts exhibit a hundred times higher catalytic activity compared to onium salts alone.…”

Ionic Liquids in Green Carbonate Synthesis

“…Polymerization of vinylpyridine was also reported for the preparation of immobilized pyridinium-based IL (not shown) [49]. Another method to immobilize ILs on PS is the use of chloromethylated PS on which ILs can be immobilized by the reaction between the chloromethyl group and the IL precursor compound (Scheme 14-B) [50,51]. In this method, the quaternization with alkyl halide is also required for the preparation of immobilized imidazolium-based IL.…”

“…Unfortunately, this polymer catalyst was less effective than homogeneous analogue of (pyridine) 2 ZnBr 2 . Park et al investigated the influence of the structure of the polymer on the activity of PSimmobilized IL [50]. They immobilized ammonium-based IL on three types of chloromethylated PS (PS1, PS2, and PS3), and used the immobilized IL catalysts for the reaction of CO 2 and glycidyl methacrylate.…”