Comparative study between cold air analgesia and supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve block for the management of pain during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses of the frontotemporal zone

Serra‐Guillén, C.; Hueso, L.; Nagore, Eduardo; Vila, Miguel; Llombart, B.; Caballero, Celia Requena; Botella‐Estrada, Rafael; Sanmartín, O.; Alfaro‐Rubio, A.; Guillén, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09184.x

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[20][21][22] However, according to the results of our study there does not appear to be any relation with patient characteristics such as sex, age, exposure to sun, phototype or hair colour and tolerance to PDT or imiquimod. The length of the treatment and the local reaction caused by imiquimod could be the reasons for a lower percentage of patients with good tolerance to this treatment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

A randomized comparative study of tolerance and satisfaction in the treatment of actinic keratosis of the face and scalp between 5% imiquimod cream and photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate

Serra‐Guillén

Nagore

Hueso

et al. 2011

British Journal of Dermatology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

A randomized comparative study of tolerance and satisfaction in the treatment of actinic keratosis of the face and scalp between 5% imiquimod cream and photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate

Serra‐Guillén

Nagore

Hueso

et al. 2011

British Journal of Dermatology

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“…Side effects of PDT include erythema, itching, edema, exudation, and pain during exposure to light. Local anesthetic nerve blocks or air-cooling for pain relief may be required during PDT if the discomfort is intolerable, with superior analgesia found in those using nerve blocks [109, 110]. The duration of healing rarely exceeds 10 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinic Keratosis: Rationale and Management

Dodds

Chia

Shumack

2014

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

105

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Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common skin lesions heralding an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and other skin malignancies, arising principally due to excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure. They are predominantly found in fair-skinned individuals, and increasingly, are a problem of the immunosuppressed. AKs may regress spontaneously, remain stable or transform to invasive SCC. The risk of SCC increases for those with more than 5 AKs, and the majority of SCCs arise from AKs. The main mechanisms of AK formation are inflammation, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, impaired apoptosis, mutagenesis, dysregulation of cell growth and proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Human papilloma virus has also been implicated in the formation of some AKs. Understanding these mechanisms guides the rationale behind the current available treatments for AKs. One of the main principles underpinning the management of AKs is that of field cancerization. Wide areas of skin are exposed to increasing amounts of UV light and other environmental insults as we age. This is especially true for the head, neck and forearms. These insults do not target only the skin where individual lesions develop, but also large areas where crops of AKs may appear. The skin between lesions is exposed to the same insults and is likely to contain as-yet undetectable preclinical lesions or areas of dysplastic cells. The whole affected area is known as the ‘field’. Management is therefore divided into lesion-directed and field-directed therapies. Current therapies include lesion-directed cryotherapy and/or excision, and topical field-directed creams: 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy and ingenol mebutate. Combining lesion- and field-directed therapies has yielded good results and several novel therapies are under investigation. Treatment is variable and tailored to the individual making a gold standard management algorithm difficult to design. This literature review article aims to describe the rationale behind the best available therapies for AKs in light of current understanding of pathophysiology and epidemiology. A PubMed and MEDLINE search of literature was performed between January 1, 2000 and September 18, 2013. Where appropriate, articles published prior to this have been referenced. This is not a systematic review or meta-analysis, but aims to highlight the most up to date understanding of AK disease and its management.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-014-0049-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Moderate hypothermia, which significantly reduces circulatory flow, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and perception of pain [4–6], is also used as an accessory to other anesthesia procedures [7]. In neonatal rats cryoanesthesia abolished perception of pain and significantly decreased c-fos expression in neurons [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on physical development and adult cognitive function in mice

Janus

Golde

2014

Behavioural Brain Research

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Deep hypothermia (cryoanesthesia) is often used as general anesthesia during surgery in neonatal rodents. Neonatal cryoanesthesia has been used recently to generate somatic brain transgenic (SBT) mouse models via intracerebral ventricular injection of rAAV vectors into both non-transgenic mice and numerous transgenic mouse models. Since, the evaluation of cognition is one of the main experimental endpoints in many of these studies, we examined the consequences of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on the physical development and mnemonic function of adult mice. Two groups of 129FVBF1 pups from reciprocal breeding crosses underwent cryoanesthesia for 6 (Cryo6) or 12 (Cryo12) min, respectively, within the first hours (< 12hr) of postnatal life. A group of pups separated from the nest and kept in ambient temperature of 33 °C for 6 min served as a control. Our results revealed that lowering the temperature of pups to ~8 °C (Cryo6) or ~5 °C (Cryo12) did not affect their body weight at pre-weaning stage and in the adulthood. The evaluation of cognitive function in adult mice revealed strong and comparable to controls spatial reference, and context and tone fear memories of neonatally cryoanesthetized mice. Also, the experimental and control groups had comparable brain weight at the end of the study. Our results demonstrate that neonatal cryoanesthesia, lasting up to 12 min, has no adverse effects on the body weight of mice during development, and on their cognition in the adulthood.

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Comparative study between cold air analgesia and supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve block for the management of pain during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses of the frontotemporal zone

Abstract: Nerve block is superior to cold air and is an easy, safe, effective means of controlling the pain associated with PDT.

Cited by 71 publications

References 14 publications

A randomized comparative study of tolerance and satisfaction in the treatment of actinic keratosis of the face and scalp between 5% imiquimod cream and photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate

A randomized comparative study of tolerance and satisfaction in the treatment of actinic keratosis of the face and scalp between 5% imiquimod cream and photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate

Actinic Keratosis: Rationale and Management

The effect of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on physical development and adult cognitive function in mice

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